Maritime Transport in the Gulf of Bothnia 2030

Pekkarinen, Annukka; Repka, Sari

doi:10.1007/s13280-013-0489-0

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Unfortunately, there are no studies on P burial in the coastal zone of the Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea, but the low nutrient input from land (HELCOM 2015) and low P concentrations in coastal waters (HELCOM 2009) suggest that P burial rates per m 2 are low. For the open Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea, reported maximum sedimentation ranges are 1.9-2.4 and 1.9-3.7 mm yr 21 , respectively (Ha ˚kansson et al 1996;Mattila et al 2006), which are comparable to the Gulf of Riga (Table 4). Given that coastal-open sea gradients of nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations are weak in these two basins (HELCOM 2009), it is realistic to assume sedimentation and phosphorus burial rates similar to the Gulf of Riga.…”

Section: Phosphorus Burial Across the Coastal Baltic Seamentioning

confidence: 89%

Efficiency of the coastal filter: Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the Baltic Sea

Asmala

Carstensen

Conley

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

115

127

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An important function of coastal ecosystems is the reduction of the nutrient flux from land to the open sea, the coastal filter. In this study, we focused on the two most important coastal biogeochemical processes that remove nitrogen and phosphorus permanently: denitrification and phosphorus burial. We compiled removal rates from coastal systems around the Baltic Sea and analyzed their spatial variation and regulating environmental factors. These analyses were used to scale up denitrification and phosphorus burial rates for the entire Baltic Sea coastal zone. Denitrification rates ranged from non‐detectable to 12 mmol N m−2 d−1, and correlated positively with both bottom water nitrate concentration and sediment organic carbon content. The rates exhibited a strong decreasing gradient from land to the open coast, which was likely driven by the availability of nitrate and labile organic carbon, but a high proportion of non‐cohesive sediments in the coastal zone decreased the denitrification efficiency relative to the open sea. Phosphorus burial rates varied from 0.21 g P m−2 yr−1 in open coastal systems to 2.28 g P m−2 yr−1 in estuaries. Our analysis suggests that archipelagos are important phosphorus traps and account for 45% of the coastal P removal, while covering only 17% of the coastal areas. High burial rates could partly be sustained by phosphorus import from the open Baltic Sea. We estimate that the coastal filter in the Baltic Sea removes 16% of nitrogen and 53% of phosphorus inputs from land.

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Section: Phosphorus Burial Across the Coastal Baltic Seamentioning

confidence: 89%

Efficiency of the coastal filter: Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the Baltic Sea

Asmala

Carstensen

Conley

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

115

127

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“…The current business model and business logic were determined by carrying out the following activities: Partner meetings and multiple workshops between the partners and stakeholders in Finland and Sweden; series of interviews of port call actors: Terminal operators, pilots, tugboat companies, shipping line, customs and hinterland operators. In addition, reviewing of literature was carried out [4,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Business Model and Business Logicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the Baltic Sea region is one of the busiest in the world and Finland, which is geographically almost an island and carries out 90% of export and 80% of import operations through maritime logistics, is a maritime country dependent on maritime transport [3]. According to the study, "Maritime Transport in the Gulf of Bothnia 2030", the sea trade in this part of the Central Baltic Region is expected to grow from 30% (modest forecast) to 60% (strong growth forecast) by 2030 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitalization in Just-In-Time Approach as a Sustainable Solution for Maritime Logistics in the Baltic Sea Region

et al. 2021

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This research provides an overview of the process and results of the development and implementation of the Port Activity Application. The aim of the application is to improve the coordination and information exchange mechanisms between the existing systems of ports and ships during piloting ordering process to ensure their effective interoperability, giving a better understanding of the impact of digitalization on the sustainability of seaports and maritime transport. To implement this concept, a system of step-by-step actions was developed, including determining the current situation, developing a business model and business logic for implementing an appropriate information and communication technology (ICT) solution, analysing the local government structure, analysing intermodal information exchange between stakeholders, developing and testing a new ICT tool. The ports of Rauma, Finland, and Gävle, Sweden, were used as pilot ports. As a result of the study, the main bottlenecks in the process of information exchange in ordering pilotage were identified. An improved business model and business logic, that allows the rational use of resources and reduces CO2 emission and the pressure on the environment, was developed. The testbed was conducted in an environment of real port operations. Currently, the open access source code is available for use for maritime cluster actors.

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“…The mean surface temperature lays between 7-9 °C in the Baltic Proper and between 5-7 °C in the Bothnian Sea, as estimated from numerical modelling (Kniebusch, 2019). In the Northern Baltic Proper, the permanent strong halocline exists all year at varying depth of around 60-80 m (Väli et al, 2013) as in most parts of the Baltic Sea, while in the Bothnian Sea, a comparably weak halocline can be found at varying depths between 40-80 m (Håkansson et al, 1996;Westerlund and Tuomi, 2016;Kullenberg, 1982, p.198). In some parts of the Bothnian Sea, the halocline may even be absent in winter, but stratification is stable throughout the year (Kullenberg, 1982).…”

Section: Oceanography Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 74%

Observations of strong turbulence and mixing impacting water exchange between two basins in the Baltic Sea

Muchowski

Umlauf

Arneborg

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Turbulent diapycnal mixing is important for the estuarine circulation between basins of the Baltic Sea as well as for its local ecosystems, in particular with regard to eutrophication and anoxic conditions. While the interior of the basins is overall relatively calm, stratified flow over steep bathymetric features is known as a source for strong turbulent mixing. Yet, current in situ observations often cannot capture dynamic and intermittent turbulent mixing related to overflow over rough bathymetry. We present observational oceanographic data together with openly accessible high-resolution bathymetry from a prototypical sill and an adjacent deep channel in the sparsely-sampled Southern Quark located in the Åland Sea, connecting the Northern Baltic Proper with the Bothnian Sea. Our data include high resolution broadband acoustic observations of turbulent mixing, in situ microstructure profiler measurements, and current velocities from Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and were acquired during two one-week cruises in February–March 2019 and 202. A temporally reversing non-tidal stratified flow over the steep bathymetric sill created a dynamic and extremely energetic environment. Saltier, warmer, and less oxygenated deep water south of the sill was partly blocked, the reversing flow was at times hydraulically controlled with hydraulic jumps occurring on both sides of the sill, and sub-mesoscale processes in the surface layer leading to high spatial variability at small scales. Mixing and vertical salt flux rates were increased by 3–4 orders of magnitude in the entire water column in the vicinity of the sill compared to reference stations not directly influenced by the overflow. We suggest based on acoustic observations and in situ measurements that underlying mechanisms for the highly increased mixing across the halocline are a combination of shear and topographic lee waves which are breaking at the halocline interface. We anticipate that the resulting deep- and surface-water modification in the Southern Quark directly impacts exchange processes between the Bothnian Sea and the Northern Baltic Proper and that the observed mixing is likely important for oxygen and nutrient conditions in the Bothnian Sea. Our results contribute to the knowledge on turbulent mixing processes in the Åland Sea and can help to improve mixing parametrizations in numerical models of the area.

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Maritime Transport in the Gulf of Bothnia 2030

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Efficiency of the coastal filter: Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the Baltic Sea

Efficiency of the coastal filter: Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the Baltic Sea

Digitalization in Just-In-Time Approach as a Sustainable Solution for Maritime Logistics in the Baltic Sea Region

Observations of strong turbulence and mixing impacting water exchange between two basins in the Baltic Sea

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