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SAMMENDRAGI tidligt moderne Danmark-Norge blev mandlige forbrydere ofte dømt til hårdt arbejde i institutioner kendt som slaverier. Arbejdet kom både haeren og flåden til gode. De største af denne type institutioner var Trunken (1620-1741), der var placeret på Københavns flåde-vaerft, og Stokhuset (1741-1860), der lå i det nordlige København. Om natten var fangerne spaerret inde i disse faengsler. Om dagen arbejdede de i større slaeng på havnen eller rundtomkring i byen. Arbejdets primaere funktion var opbyggelse og vedligeholdelse af statens militaere infrastruktur, såsom skibe og faestningsvaerker. Denne artikel bruger faengslernes fangeprotokoller i perioden 1690-1790 (4.300 fanger i alt) til at identificere de mange forskellige veje, som ledte maend ind og ud af dette strafarbejde. Med inspiration fra Marcel van der Lindens arbejder med tvangsarbejdets globalhistorie bliver livet som straffefange undersøgt som tre momenter: indgang, selve udnyttelsen af arbejdskraften og udgang. Hvert af disse momenter kunne tage mange forskellige former. I mange tilfaelde kunne straffefangens liv endda forme loops, hvor udgangen af én form for tvangsarbejde blot var begyndelsen på en anden. To individuelle livshistorier udforskes i artiklen for at vise den kompleksitet, dette i praksis kunne medføre. ABSTRACTIn early modern Denmark-Norway, male convicts were often sentenced to hard labour in institutions known as 'slaveries' . The labour they performed benefitted the army and the navy. The largest of these penal labour institutions were the prisons Trunken (1620-1741), located at Copenhagen's naval dockyard, and Stokhuset (1741-1860) located in northern Copenhagen. At night, convicts were locked up inside these prisons. During the day, they worked in gangs at the docks or around the city. Their primary function was to assist in the building and maintenance of the state's military infrastructure-ships and fortifications. This article uses prison registers from the period 1690 to 1790 (a total of 4300 convicts) to identify the many different paths that led men in and out of this type of penal labour institution. Using an approach inspired by Marcel van der Linden's work on the global history of coerced labour, life as a convict labourer is analysed at three different moments: entry, extraction of labour, exit. Each of these moments is shown to hold many possible variations. Sometimes the lives of convicts even came to form loops in which exit from one type of coerced labour only meant entry into another. Two individual life stories are explored in order to show the complexity this could entail in practice. KeywordsForced labour, military state, prison, global labour history Det tidligt moderne faengselsvaesen handlede ikke om indespaerring som sådan, men om arbejde. Faengslet, som vi kender det, opstod som et biprodukt af en lang raekke eksperimenter med at gøre den kriminelle til en produktiv arbejder i statens tjeneste. Disse eksperimenter straekker sig i en dansk-norsk sammenhaeng helt tilbage til midten af 1500-tallet, h...
SAMMENDRAGI tidligt moderne Danmark-Norge blev mandlige forbrydere ofte dømt til hårdt arbejde i institutioner kendt som slaverier. Arbejdet kom både haeren og flåden til gode. De største af denne type institutioner var Trunken (1620-1741), der var placeret på Københavns flåde-vaerft, og Stokhuset (1741-1860), der lå i det nordlige København. Om natten var fangerne spaerret inde i disse faengsler. Om dagen arbejdede de i større slaeng på havnen eller rundtomkring i byen. Arbejdets primaere funktion var opbyggelse og vedligeholdelse af statens militaere infrastruktur, såsom skibe og faestningsvaerker. Denne artikel bruger faengslernes fangeprotokoller i perioden 1690-1790 (4.300 fanger i alt) til at identificere de mange forskellige veje, som ledte maend ind og ud af dette strafarbejde. Med inspiration fra Marcel van der Lindens arbejder med tvangsarbejdets globalhistorie bliver livet som straffefange undersøgt som tre momenter: indgang, selve udnyttelsen af arbejdskraften og udgang. Hvert af disse momenter kunne tage mange forskellige former. I mange tilfaelde kunne straffefangens liv endda forme loops, hvor udgangen af én form for tvangsarbejde blot var begyndelsen på en anden. To individuelle livshistorier udforskes i artiklen for at vise den kompleksitet, dette i praksis kunne medføre. ABSTRACTIn early modern Denmark-Norway, male convicts were often sentenced to hard labour in institutions known as 'slaveries' . The labour they performed benefitted the army and the navy. The largest of these penal labour institutions were the prisons Trunken (1620-1741), located at Copenhagen's naval dockyard, and Stokhuset (1741-1860) located in northern Copenhagen. At night, convicts were locked up inside these prisons. During the day, they worked in gangs at the docks or around the city. Their primary function was to assist in the building and maintenance of the state's military infrastructure-ships and fortifications. This article uses prison registers from the period 1690 to 1790 (a total of 4300 convicts) to identify the many different paths that led men in and out of this type of penal labour institution. Using an approach inspired by Marcel van der Linden's work on the global history of coerced labour, life as a convict labourer is analysed at three different moments: entry, extraction of labour, exit. Each of these moments is shown to hold many possible variations. Sometimes the lives of convicts even came to form loops in which exit from one type of coerced labour only meant entry into another. Two individual life stories are explored in order to show the complexity this could entail in practice. KeywordsForced labour, military state, prison, global labour history Det tidligt moderne faengselsvaesen handlede ikke om indespaerring som sådan, men om arbejde. Faengslet, som vi kender det, opstod som et biprodukt af en lang raekke eksperimenter med at gøre den kriminelle til en produktiv arbejder i statens tjeneste. Disse eksperimenter straekker sig i en dansk-norsk sammenhaeng helt tilbage til midten af 1500-tallet, h...
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