“…Generally role quality (Bromberger, 1998) and stability (Costello, 1991) rather than role occupancy seem to have more impact on mental health. Studies suggest that loss of a partner through bereavement or separation has acute and longer term effects on psychological distress (Hope, Rodgers, & Power, 1999;Richards, Hardy, & Wadsworth, 1997). Parenting of adolescent children may be a time of great stress (Silverberg, 1996) and, despite some discussion of an empty nest syndrome, an improvement in wellbeing may occur when children leave home (Aquilino, 1996;Sawyer Radloff, 1980).…”