Marital Status and Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Randall, Gemma; Bhattacharyya, Mimi R.; Steptoe, Andrew

doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9137-0

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This finding is in contradiction with results from other studies, where not being married was associated with a greater prevalence of cardio-vascular risk factors or cardio-vascular mortality [31-33]. …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

East-West gradient in cardio-vascular mortality in Austria: how much can we explain by following the pattern of risk factors?

2011

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BackgroundVarious studies show major regional differences in the prevalence of cardio-vascular disease morbidity and mortality, both in Europe and within European countries. In Austria, these differences are documented by an East-West gradient with declining morbidity and mortality rates when moving from the East to the West of the country. It was the aim of this study to analyse if, and to what extent, socio-demographic and socio-economic determinants, social resources and health behaviour can contribute to the clarification of this East-West gradient by conducting secondary analyses of an existing Austrian health dataset.ResultsThe data were analysed using bivariate analyses, as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. These analyses revealed significant East-West gradients for various risk factors, as well as socio-demographic and socio-economic health determinants. There was a gradual decrease of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and psycho-social discomfort in both sexes, with the highest prevalences in those Austrian regions with the highest cardio-vascular mortality and a stepwise decrease to the regions with the lowest cardio-vascular mortality. Controlling for educational level significantly raised the odds for diabetes, hypertension and obesity. In the results of the multivariate analyses, factors that significantly and independently predicted diabetes mellitus were geographic location, psycho-social discomfort, lack of physical exercise, and age in both sexes. For women these factors additionally included a low educational level, lack of social support, and being born abroad.ConclusionsOur study shows a clear gradual decline of cardio-vascular mortality and some of its risk factors from East to West in Austria. Concerning these risk factors, the geographic region and psycho-social discomfort showed the greatest association with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Hence, they contribute to the explanation of the variance in spatial cardio-vascular disease mortality. Yet, a large proportion of this variance remains unexplained. It would be of great importance to public health and preventive measures to take a closer look at spatial differences in cardio-vascular disease morbidity and mortality to better tailor programmes to the regional environments and settings. Our results also call for a greater importance of preventative measures for psycho-social discomfort and increase of social support.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

East-West gradient in cardio-vascular mortality in Austria: how much can we explain by following the pattern of risk factors?

2011

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“…In adults, higher resting RSA was related to emotion recognition (Quintana et al, 2012), greater perception of social support (Maunder et al 2012), lower rejection sensitivity (Gyurak & Ayduk, 2008), increased positive emotions and social connectedness during social interactions (Kok & Frederickson, 2010), and a tendency to employ more socially-oriented coping and emotion regulation strategies when distressed (Geisler, Kubiak, Siewert, & Weber, 2013). In addition, married and more socially integrated individuals had higher levels of resting RSA than unmarried or less socially integrated individuals (Hemingway et al, 2005;Horsten et al, 1999;Randall, Bhattacharyya, & Steptoe, 2009). Among cohabiting couples, greater resting RSA was also associated with better marital quality and more positive daily interactions (Diamond et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2011).…”

Section: Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Social Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Is Prospectively Associated With Early Trajectories of Acculturation Among New International Students

Doucerain

Deschênes

Aubé

et al. 2016

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a marker of parasympathetic activity hypothesized to index a neurophysiological system supporting social engagement behaviours. Following migration, people must navigate and adapt to a new sociocultural environment. Whether RSA impacts this psychological acculturation process is unknown. This longitudinal study investigated whether resting RSA on arrival in the receiving country was related to changes in cultural orientations toward both mainstream and heritage cultural groups during the first five months following migration. Sixty new international students provided information on their cultural orientations toward the mainstream and heritage cultural groups shortly after arrival in the new country and two and five months after the first assessment. Results indicated that both heritage and mainstream orientations increased linearly over time. Furthermore, greater resting RSA at baseline was prospectively associated with larger increases in positive orientation toward the mainstream culture but not the heritage culture, over and above individual differences in extraversion, depression, and anxiety. These data provide longitudinal evidence that higher RSA promotes an approach-oriented stance toward a novel cultural environment.

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“…Notably, low RSA levels have been associated with features of emotional dysregulation, cardiac risk, and social dysfunction that commonly accompany MDD. For example, lower RSA levels are associated with: (1) greater symptoms of depression and anxiety [1, 9–11]; (2) elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality [3–4, 12]; and (3) diminished social functioning or being unmarried, alone or socially isolated [13–16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Vagal Control in Nonmedicated Depressed Women and Nondepressed Controls

Cyranowski

Hofkens²,

Swartz³

et al. 2011

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective Impairment in cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) control may confer risk for cardiac mortality in depressed populations. We evaluated the impact of acute stress and relationship-focused imagery on cardiac vagal control, as indicated by levels of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), in depressed and non-depressed women. Methods EKG and respiration rate were evaluated in 15 non-medicated depressed women and 15 matched controls during two laboratory conditions: (1) a relationship-focused imagery designed to elicit vagal activation, and (2) a speech stressor designed to evoke vagal withdrawal. Results As expected, the relationship-focused imagery increased RSA [F(3,66)=3.79, p=.02] and the speech stressor decreased RSA [F(3,66)=4.36, p=.02] across women. Depressed women exhibited lower RSA during the relationship-focused imagery, and this effect remained following control for respiratory rate and trauma history [F(1,21)=5.65, p=.027]. Depressed women with a trauma history exhibited the lowest RSA during the stress condition [F(1,22)=9.61, p=.05]. However, after controlling for respiratory rate, Trauma History × Task Order (p=.02) but not Trauma History × Depression Group (p=.12) accounted for RSA variation during the stress condition. Conclusion Depression in women is associated with lower RSA, particularly when women reflect on a close love relationship, a context expected to elicit vagal activation and hence increase RSA. In contrast, depression-related variation in stressor-evoked vagal activity appears to covary with women's trauma history. Associations between vagal activity and depression are complex, and should be considered in view of the experimental conditions under which vagal control is assessed, as well as physiological and behavioral factors that may affect vagal function.

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Marital Status and Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract: These findings suggest that reduced heart rate variability is associated with not being married and may contribute to the reliably observed relationship between marital status and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

East-West gradient in cardio-vascular mortality in Austria: how much can we explain by following the pattern of risk factors?

East-West gradient in cardio-vascular mortality in Austria: how much can we explain by following the pattern of risk factors?

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Is Prospectively Associated With Early Trajectories of Acculturation Among New International Students

Cardiac Vagal Control in Nonmedicated Depressed Women and Nondepressed Controls

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