Marine Wastewater Outfalls and Treatment Systems

Abstract

Wastewater disposal by marine outfalls is proven and effective and is a reliable and cost effective solution with minimal environmental impacts. The design and siting of submarine outfalls is a complex task that relies on many disciplines including oceanography, civil and environmental engineering, marine biology, construction, economics, and public relations. Marine Wastewater Outfalls and Treatment Systems brings these disciplines together and outlines all tasks involved in the planning and design of a wastewater system involving a marine outfall. This book concerns the design of marine wastewater disposal systems: that is an ocean outfall plus treatment plant. All aspects of outfall design and planning are covered, including water quality design criteria, mathematical modelling of water quality and dilution, gathering required oceanographic data, appropriate wastewater treatment for marine discharges, construction materials for marine pipelines, forces on pipelines and outfall design, outfall hydraulics, outfall construction, tunnelled outfalls, operation and maintenance, monitoring, case studies are discussed and methods for gaining public acceptance for the project are presented. Finally, costs for many outfalls around the world are summarized and methods for estimating costs are given. This is the first book to consider all aspects of marine outfall planning and construction. The authors are all extensively involved with outfall schemes and aware of recent developments. The science and technology of all aspects of outfall discharges into coastal waters and estuaries of treated municipal or industrial wastewater has advanced considerably over the past few years. Marine Wastewater Outfalls and Treatment Systems provides an up to date and comprehensive summary of this rapidly developing area.

Tidal variability of salinity and velocity fields related to intense point‐source submarine groundwater discharges into the coastal ocean

“…1). Flow structures associated with point-source discharges are analogous to those of sewage effluents discharged on the seabed (Fischer et al 1979;Jirka 2004;Roberts et al 2010), forced heating of a room through injections of warm air at the floor (Baines et al 1990), magma flows in the earth's crust (Turner and Campbell 1986) and somewhat associated with flows in hydrothermal vents and chimneys discharging onto a strongly stratified environment that limits its upward excursion. Flow structures associated with point-source discharges will depend on the intensity of the discharge, the salinity contrast between source and oceanic waters, and the depth of the discharge point.…”

Response analysis of spar platform with wind turbine

“…However, the maximum surge amplitude at the deck level for the operational wave height of 4.5 m at 10 s is obtained from the RAO (response amplitude operator) based on the regular-wave test. (H max ) is 1.8-2 times the significant wave height (Roberts et al 2010). (ii) Long crested random waves described by the Pierson-Moskowitz (PM) spectrum, defined by significant wave period, T P = 1.8 s, and significant wave height, H S = 6 cm, with an angle of wave attack of 0 • .…”

Analiza valnog opterećenja podmorskih ispusta

“…The material, mesh and geometrical properties do not differ between models. Geometrical properties are determined according to diffuser geometries and the conditions given by [3,21,22]. Average velocity value of 1.00 m/s has been performed as normal uniform velocity inlet boundary condition for internal flow.…”