Marine Viruses: Community Dynamics, Diversity and Impact on Microbial Processes

Breitbart, Mya; Middelboe, Mathias; Rohwer, Forest

doi:10.1002/9780470281840.ch12

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…As both respiration by heterotrophic bacteria (Robinson 2008) and rates of viral induced lysis (Breibart et al 2008) are generally accepted to be high, our findings on the fate of consumed DOC may reveal a general pattern in marine systems. This is supported by tracer experiments in mesocosms (Ducklow et al 1986).…”

Section: How Large a Share Of Primary Production Ends Up As Doc And Hmentioning

confidence: 65%

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus resource supply and utilisation for coastal planktonic heterotrophic bacteria in a gradient of nutrient loading

Vadstein

Andersen

Reinertsen

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Data from 7 mesocosms with a gradient in daily nutrient loading rate (L N ) and inverse modelling were used to estimate all C, N and P flows in an idealised food web. The gradient in L N created autotrophic production (AP) of 7 to 314 µg C l −1 d −1 (mean values over 18 d). The production of dissolved organic C (DOC) decreased from 240 to 40% of AP, and was dominated by heterotrophs (80 to 58%), with heterotrophic bacteria (BAC) producing 48 ± 8% (means ± SD) by excretion or lysis. The consumption of DOC by BAC was 133 to 86% of AP, and DOC accumulated when experimental L N ≥ natural L N . C of BAC origin constituted 5.5 to 0.2% of the C consumed by copepods. The production of dissolved N and P was mainly by heterotrophs (92 ± 2% of DN, 92 ± 4% DP), but autotrophs produced 26 ± 7% of dissolved organic N (DON) and 21 ± 8% of dissolved organic P (DOP). For the production of inorganic N and P (DIN and DIP, respectively), BAC predators produced > 50% of DIN and > 70% of DIP at low or moderate L N (averages 37 ± 16% of DIN and 66 ± 14% of DIP). The contribution by BAC was low for DIN (12 ± 6%) and zero for DIP. For the re-mineralisation of N and P, the significance of BAC was as N and P rich food particles. DOP accumulated more than DOC, despite the high demand for P. Turnover time of dissolved organic matter (DOM) decreased from around 80 to 12 d with increasing L N . These data provide new insights into the role of various functional groups of organisms for the cycling of DOM, and to the differences in C, N and P cycling.

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Section: How Large a Share Of Primary Production Ends Up As Doc And Hmentioning

confidence: 65%

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus resource supply and utilisation for coastal planktonic heterotrophic bacteria in a gradient of nutrient loading

Vadstein

Andersen

Reinertsen

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Lytic viral production associated with destruction of host bacterial cells accounts for a significant, albeit highly variable (10 to 50%), fraction of bacterial mortality in marine environments (Weinbauer 2004, Breitbart et al 2008. Factors that may affect viral production and the extent of viral-induced bacterial mortality include the activity of host cells (Middelboe 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of monomeric and polymeric organic substrates alleviates viral lytic pressure on bacterial communities in coastal seawaters

Motegi¹,

Nagata²

2009

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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We examined the effect of growth conditions on the fraction of bacterial production lysed by viruses (F lysed ). Time-course changes in bacterial and viral variables were determined in coastal seawater cultures with and without the addition of monomeric (glucose or amino acids) or polymeric (protein) substrates. Substrate-induced enhancement of bacterial production was much more pronounced than that of viral production during the incubation period of 60 to 90 h. Estimates of F lysed were highest in non-addition controls (range = 0.3 to 1.0), followed by the monomer addition treatment (0.1 to 0.2), and lowest in the protein addition treatment (0.04 to 0.1). These data are consistent with the proposition that bacterial communities grown under substrate-rich conditions are less subject to viral attacks. Low F lysed values in the protein addition treatment were associated with high activities of leucine aminopeptidase, indicating a role of extracellular proteases in alleviating viral lytic pressure. Our data support the notion that supplies of dissolved organic matter affect the magnitude of bacteria-virus couplings in marine environments.

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“…Marine viruses may also control prokaryotic abundance and diversity (Thingstad and Lignell, 1997;Weinbauer and Rassoulzadegan 2004;Breitbart et al, 2008) and are agents of transfer of genetic material between microorganisms (transduction and transformation; Fuhrman, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Links between viral and prokaryotic communities throughout the water column in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2010

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Viral and prokaryotic abundance, production and diversity were determined throughout the water column of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean to assess potential variations in the relation between viruses and prokaryotes. Prokaryotic abundance and heterotrophic activity decreased by one and three orders of magnitude, respectively, from the epi-to the abyssopelagic layer. Although the lytic viral production (VP) decreased with depth, lysogenic VP was variable throughout the water column and did not show any trend with depth. The bacterial, archaeal and viral community composition were depth-stratified as determined by the automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, terminalrestriction fragment length polymorphism and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, respectively. Generally, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) did not reveal consistent trends throughout the water column. Viral and prokaryotic abundance were strongly related to heterotrophic prokaryotic production, suggesting similar linkage strength between the viral and prokaryotic communities from the lower epi-to the abyssopelagic layer in the Atlantic Ocean. Strikingly, the prokaryotic and viral parameters exhibited a similar variability throughout the water column down to the abyssopelagic layers, suggesting that the dark ocean is as dynamic a system as is the lower epipelagic layer. It also indicates that viruses are apparently having a similar role for prokaryotic mortality in the dark oceanic realm as in surface waters. The more than twofold increase in bacterial OTUs from 2750 m depth to 45000 m depth and the concurrent decrease in viral OTUs, however, suggests that viruses might exhibit a wider host range in deep waters than in surface waters.

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Marine Viruses: Community Dynamics, Diversity and Impact on Microbial Processes

Cited by 25 publications

References 212 publications

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus resource supply and utilisation for coastal planktonic heterotrophic bacteria in a gradient of nutrient loading

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus resource supply and utilisation for coastal planktonic heterotrophic bacteria in a gradient of nutrient loading

Addition of monomeric and polymeric organic substrates alleviates viral lytic pressure on bacterial communities in coastal seawaters

Links between viral and prokaryotic communities throughout the water column in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean

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