Marine virus predation by non-host organisms

Welsh, Jennifer E.; Steenhuis, Peter; Moraes, Karlos R.; Meer, Jaap van der; Thieltges, David W.; Brussaard, Corina P. D.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…It is widely established that such similarities to holobiont virome studies should be treated with caution, as the viruses reported could in fact be infecting symbionts, eukaryotic parasites, or bacteria that are also present in these samples . Marine invertebrate organisms are also important ocean filters and virus removers 74 , again compatible with the idea that at least some of the viruses identified here may infect other marine organisms.…”

Section: Limitations To Virus Discovery and Inferring Virus-host Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 86%

Revealing RNA virus diversity and evolution in unicellular algae transcriptomes

Charon

Murray

Holmes

2021

Preprint

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Remarkably little is known about the diversity and evolution of RNA viruses in unicellular eukaryotes. We screened a total of 570 transcriptomes from the Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) project that encompasses a wide diversity of microbial eukaryotes, including most major photosynthetic lineages (i.e. the microalgae). From this, we identified 30 new and divergent RNA virus species, occupying a range of phylogenetic positions within the overall diversity of RNA viruses. Approximately one-third of the newly described viruses comprised single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses from the order Lenarviricota associated with fungi, plants and protists, while another third were related to the order Ghabrivirales, including members of the protist and fungi-associated Totiviridae. Other viral species showed sequence similarity to positive-sense RNA viruses from the algae-associated Marnaviridae, the double-stranded RNA Partitiviridae, as well as a single negative-sense RNA virus related to the Qinviridae. Importantly, we were able to identify divergent RNA viruses from distant host taxa, revealing the ancestry of these viral families and greatly extending our knowledge of the RNA viromes of microalgal cultures. Both the limited number of viruses detected per sample and the low sequence identity to known RNA viruses imply that additional microalgal viruses exist that could not be detected at the current sequencing depth or were too divergent to be identified using sequence similarity. Together, these results highlight the need for further investigation of algal-associated RNA viruses as well as the development of new tools to identify RNA viruses that exhibit very high levels of sequence divergence.

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Section: Limitations To Virus Discovery and Inferring Virus-host Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 86%

Revealing RNA virus diversity and evolution in unicellular algae transcriptomes

Charon

Murray

Holmes

2021

Preprint

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“…Recently, due to COVID problematic, studies on antiviral activity of poriferan secondary metabolites are in trend. The ability of marine demosponges to collect viruses in their bodies due to their water filtering activity is well recognized [ 95 , 96 ]. How sponges neutralize viruses is still unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine biomimetics: bromotyrosines loaded chitinous skeleton as source of antibacterial agents

et al. 2021

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“…Strong indications of virus ingestion falling on specific taxa, and notably higher abundances of viruses within Choanozoa SAGs, averaging 28 viral sequences per cell, suggests that the degree of viral loss due to protist predation would be variable and dependent upon protist community structure. A recent study demonstrated the efficient removal of planktonic viruses by marine sponges, highlighting a need to reconsider viral predation by non-host organisms even among metazoans ( Welsh et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Cell Genomics Reveals Viruses Consumed by Marine Protists

et al. 2020

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The predominant model of the role of viruses in the marine trophic web is that of the "viral shunt," where viral infection funnels a substantial fraction of the microbial primary and secondary production back to the pool of dissolved organic matter. Here, we analyzed the composition of non-eukaryotic DNA associated with individual cells of small, planktonic protists in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and the Mediterranean Sea. We found viral DNA associated with a substantial fraction cells from the GoM (51%) and the Mediterranean Sea (35%). While Mediterranean SAGs contained a larger proportion of cells containing bacterial sequences (49%), a smaller fraction of cells contained bacterial sequences in the GoM (19%). In GoM cells, nearly identical bacteriophage and ssDNA virus sequences where found across diverse lineages of protists, suggesting many of these viruses are non-infective. The fraction of cells containing viral DNA varied among protistan lineages and reached 100% in Picozoa and Choanozoa. These two groups also contained significantly higher numbers of viral sequences than other identified taxa. We consider mechanisms that may explain the presence of viral DNA in protistan cells and conclude that protistan predation on free viral particles contributed to the observed patterns. These findings confirm prior experiments with protistan isolates and indicate that the viral shunt is complemented by a viral link in the marine microbial food web. This link may constitute a sink of viral particles in the ocean and has implications for the flow of carbon through the microbial food web.

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Marine virus predation by non-host organisms

Cited by 33 publications

References 79 publications

Revealing RNA virus diversity and evolution in unicellular algae transcriptomes

Revealing RNA virus diversity and evolution in unicellular algae transcriptomes

Marine biomimetics: bromotyrosines loaded chitinous skeleton as source of antibacterial agents

Single Cell Genomics Reveals Viruses Consumed by Marine Protists

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