Marine Transgressions and Cultural Adaptation: Preliminary Tests of an Environmental Model

Grabert, G. F.; Larsen, Carl

doi:10.1515/9783110880441.229

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Many underlie or contain sterile sand and gravel beds (Grabert and Larsen 1975;Bernick 1980;Calvert 1980). One possible explanation for these observations is that the coastal sites were occupied by Indians at a time of lower sea levels, and that erosion or deposition occurred during a subsequent transgression.…”

Section: Coastal Archaeological Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary sea levels and crustal movements, coastal British Columbia

Clague¹,

Harper²,

Hebda³

et al. 1982

Can. J. Earth Sci.

230

126

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Late Quaternary sea-level fluctuations on the British Columbia coast have been established from studies of terrestrial and marine sediments and landforms. These studies indicate that the sea-level history of mainland British Columbia and eastern Vancouver Island is very different from that of the Queen Charlotte Islands and western Vancouver Island. Specifically, in the former areas, there was a rapid rise of submerged coastal lowlands between about 13 000 and 10000 years ago. Emergence culminated about 6000-9000 years ago, depending on the locality, when the sea, relative to the land, was 12 m or more lower than at present in some areas. During middle and late Holocene time, relative sea level rose on the mainland coast and at least locally on eastern Vancouver Island, resulting in inundation of coastal archaeological sites and low-lying terrestrial vegetation Tidal records and precise levelling suggest ongoing submergence of at least part of this region.In contrast, shorelines on the Queen Charlotte Islands were below present from before 13 700 years ago until approximatel! 9500-10 000 years ago. A transgression at the close of the Pleistocene climaxed about 7500-8500 years ago when relative se; level probably was about 15 m above present in most areas. Most of the emergence that followed apparently occurred in the last 5000-6000 years. There has been a similar pattern of emergence on the west coast of Vancouver Island during late Holocene time.The above patterns of late Quaternary sea-level change are attributed to complex isostatic response to downwasting and retreat of the late Wisconsin Cordilleran Ice Sheet, to transfers of water from melting ice sheets to oceans, and to plate interactions on tht British Columbia continental margin. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene crustal movements were dominantly isostatic Although the recent regression on the outer coast likely is due, at least in part, to tectonic uplift, some late Holocene sea-level change in this area and elsewhere on the British Columbia coast may be either eustatic in nature or a residual isostatic response to deglaciation, which occurred thousands of years earlier.Des etudes de skdiments terrestres et marins et des formes de paysage sur la cBte de la Colombie-Britannique ont permis de dkterminer les fluctuations du niveau de la mer pour l'ktage supkrieur du Quaternaire. Ces ktudes d6montrent que I'historique du niveau de lamer de la Colombie-Britannique continentale et du secteur est de 1'Ile de Vancouver est trts different de celui des Iles de la Reine-Charlotte et du secteur ouest de 1'Ile de Vancouver. Plus s@cifiquement, dans les premikres regions il y eut un soulkvement rapide des plaines littorales de la cBte submergee entre 13 000 et 10 000 annkes approxirnativement. L'kmersion a atteint un point culminant il y a environ 6000-9000 annkes, dkpendant du site considkrk, lorsque la mer par rapport B la terre ferme ktait de 12 m ou plus en-dessous du niveau actuel de certaines rkgions. Durant la p6riode de l'Holoc&ne moyen et supkrieur, le ni...

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Section: Coastal Archaeological Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary sea levels and crustal movements, coastal British Columbia

Clague¹,

Harper²,

Hebda³

et al. 1982

Can. J. Earth Sci.

230

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Over thirty years ago, Grabert and Larsen (1975) suggested that coastline reduction and the resulting concentration of maritime resources could have a significant impact on hunter-gatherer social organization (see also: Broadbent, 1979;Kelly, 1983;Bailey & Milner, 2003;Fitzhugh, 2003). Northern Finland provides a clear instance of these processes in action, while the neighbouring central and southern Ostrobothnian coasts give a useful counter example.…”

Section: Environmental Constraints and Social Complexification In Normentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Complexity in the Mid-Holocene Northeastern Bothnian Gulf

et al. 2012

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There was a period of reduced mobility, increased population density, and social complexity among hunter–gatherers in northern Bothnian prehistory between about 4050 and 2050 cal BC. We argue that this was made possible by a combination of physical and social factors that include the shortening of the coastline due to isostatic land uplift, the reduction of distances between major river mouths along the Bothnian coast, and the local variability in rate of shoreline displacement at individual river mouths.

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“…There are no comparable data as yet for the northern interior. The information from both the coast and interior indicate the initial occupation of the southern area was by "generalized hunters and gatherers" who exploited a wide range of resources including salmon, mollusca, terrestrial mammals, and plants (Borden 1975;Mitchell 1971a;Grabert and Larsen 1977;Matson 1976). Wapiti and deer were the most important terrestrial mammals, though seal are found in coastal sites (Matson 1976).…”

Section: Southern Coastmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Social Ranking on the Northwest Coast of North America

Ames

1981

Am. antiq.

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The small, hierarchically organized societies on the Northwest Coast provide excellent examplex of the evolution of social complexity in nonagricultural contexts and thus can serve as an important testing ground for current models. Available archaeological data indicate that ranking appeared on the coast between 3,000 and 2,000 years ago. It is argued here that ranking developed from the interaction of two systems constraints and two processes: subsistence specialization, environmental circumscription and population growth, and promotion. Ranking develops because, given certain conditions, it provides both improved monitoring of the environment and improved responses to environmental shifts through information flow.

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Marine Transgressions and Cultural Adaptation: Preliminary Tests of an Environmental Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Late Quaternary sea levels and crustal movements, coastal British Columbia

Late Quaternary sea levels and crustal movements, coastal British Columbia

Social Complexity in the Mid-Holocene Northeastern Bothnian Gulf

The Evolution of Social Ranking on the Northwest Coast of North America

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