“…Ex-ante evaluations of MPA impacts (Batista et al, 2011;Horta e Costa et al, 2013;Hussain et al, 2010;Pinheiro et al, 2009;Stoffle and Minnis, 2007), aimed at gathering stakeholders' perceptions prior to MPA designation, can be very useful to assess expected changes in the biological and ecological significance of a site. To date, however, very few studies have gathered stakeholders' perceptions prior to MPA designation, hindering ex-ante assessment of future MPA benefits (Hussain et al, 2010).…”