Marine Polymers. IV Diatom Polysaccharides

Allan, G. G.; Lewin, Joyce; Johnson, Peter

doi:10.1515/botm.1972.15.2.102

Cited by 86 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…The majority of studies that investigate the physiological factors controlling extracellular carbohydrate production have been performed on planktonic diatoms (Allan et al 1972;Myklestad and Haug 1972;Brockman et al 1979;Myklestad 1974;Myklestad et al 1989;Obernosterer and Herndl 1995). In pelagic forms, extracellular carbohydrate production increases during the stationary phase when nitrogen or phosphate is limiting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been disputed whether the enhanced carbohydrate concentration observed in the stationary phase is due to active secretion or is an overflow reaction and, hence, an accumulation of liberated storage products (Allan et al 1972). It appears that the EPS are actively produced and transported in Golgi vesicles to secretion sites at the plasmalemma (Hoagland et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that the EPS are actively produced and transported in Golgi vesicles to secretion sites at the plasmalemma (Hoagland et al 1993). The composition of extracellular polysaccharides has been observed to be different than that of the intracellular reserve (Allan et al 1972;Myklestad et al 1972) and more similar to that of the mucilaginous sheath surrounding the diatom (Allan et al 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of carbohydrate production by the diatom Nitzschia curvilineata on the erodibility of sediment

Sutherland

Grant

Amos

1998

Limnology & Oceanography

187

101

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The effect of growth and carbohydrate production by the diatom Nitzschia cuwilineata on sediment erodibility was explored in laboratory flume experiments. Diatom cultures, incubated on sediment, were monitored daily for chlorophyll and carbohydrate concentrations and eroded in a recirculating flume at successive stages of growth. Because variations in erosion rate were far greater than variations in erosion threshold during the diatom growth period, erosion rate may be a more sensitive index of sediment stability. Erosion rate was negatively correlated with sediment chlorophyll (r2 = 0.759; P = 0.024) and bulk carbohydrate (r2 = 0.958; P = 0.001) concentrations. A strong negative correlation was found between the sediment bulk carbohydrate-to-chlorophyll ratio and erosion rate (r2 = 0.996; P < O.OOl), suggesting that this ratio would serve as a good indicator of sediment erodibility. The size of eroding particles or aggregates increased with the age of the biofilm, probably due to the pervasion of sediment with mucilage and changes in "stickiness" of the resulting sediment microfabric. Sediment stability increased throughout the stationary phase of growth regardless of lift forces produced by trapped bubbles within the biofilm and progressively smaller increases in sediment carbohydrate concentrations during this period. Knowledge of the physiological status of diatom biofilms is essential for the quantitative prediction of sediment transport, since diatom growth phase alters the behavior of sediment erosion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of carbohydrate production by the diatom Nitzschia curvilineata on the erodibility of sediment

Sutherland

Grant

Amos

1998

Limnology & Oceanography

187

101

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“…The production and structural characteristics of EPS vary with species, with a production ranging from 1 mg/L to 27.5 mg/L (Myklestad 1974;Brouwer et al 2006). Fucose and galactose are sugar monomers that prominently exist in the polysaccharide composition of EPS from diatoms (Myklestad 1995), whereas galactose is absent in EPS from Coscinodiscus nobilis (Percival et al 1980) and fucose is absent in EPS from Nitzhia (Allan et al 1972). The composition of EPS from Amphora sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of cross‐flow ultrafiltration for isolating exopolymeric substances from a marine diatom (Amphora sp.)

Zhang

Santschi

2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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The increasing recognition of the roles that exopolymeric substances (EPS) play in the aquatic environment necessitates obtaining sufficient quantities of purified EPS for exploration of its physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as for quantitative and structural analysis of its composition. For this purpose, three preconcentration/purification techniques, i.e., 1) ethanol precipitation, 2) stirred-cell ultrafiltration, and 3) crossflow ultrafiltration, followed by stirred-cell diafiltration, were compared for their effectiveness to quantitatively isolate EPS from laboratory cultures of Amphora sp. The results showed that the classical ethanol precipitation method was not effective in isolating and concentrating EPS from this seawater culture medium. Stirredcell ultrafiltration appeared best for harvesting EPS from this diatom. However, because of its limitations in terms of time and volume, cross-flow ultrafiltration needed to be first applied, along with some necessary improvements, followed by a three-step cartridge soaking and stirred-cell diafiltration. After cartridge soaking, the yields of the two ultrafiltration methods were comparable. Two different fractions were obtained from EPS of Amphora sp. by anion exchange chromatography and were characterized respectively. Whereas these purified fractions had similar molecular weights of 1000 kDa, their monosaccharide composition was different. In conclusion, cross-flow ultrafiltration followed by stirred-cell diafiltration with additional cartridge washing turned out to be the optimal method for EPS separation, based on time, cost, and yield.

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“…However, due to the low concentration of fucose in this sample, the removal of APS associated monosaccharides did not significantly change the overall distribution of monosaccharides in this sample. The presence of polysaccharides in the exudates of diatoms grown in culture, has been noted in numerous studies (Allan et al, 1972;Haug and Myklestad, 1976;Hecky et al, 1973;Myklestad, 1974;Myklestad et al, 1972;Percival et al, 1980;Smestad et aI., 1975) -10 ..:…”

Section: ) As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 86%

High molecular weight (HMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater : chemical structure, sources and cycling

Aluwihare¹

1999

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Marine Polymers. IV Diatom Polysaccharides

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of carbohydrate production by the diatom Nitzschia curvilineata on the erodibility of sediment

The effect of carbohydrate production by the diatom Nitzschia curvilineata on the erodibility of sediment

Application of cross‐flow ultrafiltration for isolating exopolymeric substances from a marine diatom (Amphora sp.)

High molecular weight (HMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater : chemical structure, sources and cycling

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