Marine pipelines : an annotated bibliography / George L. Bowie and Robert L. Wiegel.

Abstract

Article discusses several problems and limitations involved in various aspects of offshore pipeline construction. Methods of laying offshore pipelines are described briefly, including the lay barge and push-pull methods. Some techniques and limitations are discussed for several operations involved in pipeline construction, including weight coating of the pipe and field joints, and the construction of laterals and tie-ins to existing lines which involves problems in locating and raising the lines, welding, and coating valves.

Synthesis and Characterization of Luciferin Derivatives for Use in Bioluminescence Enhanced Enzyme Immunoassays. New Ultrasensitive Detection Systems for Enzyme Immunoassays, I.

“…Luciferin is very stable in solution at neutral pH, whereas in acid solution (pH below 2) a rapid degradation to Z)-eysteine and a benzthiazole derivative occurs. In alkaline solution luciferin is oxidized to dehydroluciferin which is a potent inhibitor of firefly luciferase (31). For these reasons synthesis strategies had to be developed which lead to the expected luciferin derivatives, but do not destroy luciferin during synthesis.…”

D-Luciferin, derivatives and analogues: synthesis and in vitro/in vivo luciferase-catalyzed bioluminescent activity

“…This experimental protocol has been applied to the preparation of 5-10 g of D-luciferin (1). 13 The preparation of 4-methoxythioxanilinamide 13, according to Seto et al 12 can be carried out in good yields from p-anisidine (4) and carbamoylthiocarbonylthioacetic acid 14. However, this compound is unstable and has to be prepared in situ, as described in detail by Bowie.…”

“…However, this compound is unstable and has to be prepared in situ, as described in detail by Bowie. 13 The experimental procedure allows to prepare compound 11 from p-anisidine (4) with an overall 39% yield. …”

Microwave Induced Facile One-Pot Access to Diverse 2-Cyanobenzothiazole-A Key Intermediate for the Synthesis of Firefly Luciferin

“…The transformation of compound 10 into the nitrile 11 has been carried out essentially as reported by White et al [21] The preparation of 4-methoxythioxanilinamide 13, according to Seto et al can be carried out in good yields from p-anisidine 4 and carbamoylthiocarbonylthioacetic acid 14. However, this compound is unstable and has to be prepared in situ, as described in detail by Bowie [23]. The experimental procedure allows to prepare compound 11 from p-anisidine 4 with an overall 39% yield.…”

“…This experimental protocol has been applied to the preparation of 5-10 g of D-luciferin 1 [23]. According to Seto et al, [22] 6-methoxybenzothiazole-2-carboxyamide 10 is prepared from the 4-methoxythioxanilinamide 13 by oxidative cyclization with alkaline K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] (Scheme 2).…”