Marine Phytoplankter Fatty Acids

Ackman, R. G.; Tocher, C. S.; McLachlan, J.

doi:10.1139/f68-145

Cited by 430 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…In order to get information on the proportion of marine organic carbon we use the diatom-specific fatty acids cis-9-hexadecenoic acid (C 16:1(nÀ7) ), cis-11-hexadecenoic acid (C 16:1(nÀ5) ), and all-cis-5, 8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (C 20:5(nÀ3) ) for interpretation (Kates and Volcani, 1966;Ackman et al, 1968;Kattner et al, 1983;Fahl and Kattner, 1993;Graeve et al, 1994). All fatty acid components up to carbon chain length of 22 were determined in this study, however, and the data are available on doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.602289.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Fahl

Nöthig

2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

109

107

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Investigations of lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes using long-term sediment traps are still very rare in the northern high latitudes and are restricted to the arctic marginal seas and sub-arctic regions. Here data on the variability of fluxes of lithogenic matter, CaCO 3 , opal, and organic carbon and biomarker composition from the central Arctic Ocean are presented for a 1-year period. The study was carried out on material obtained from a long-term mooring system equipped with two multi-sampling traps, at 150 and 1550 m depth, and deployed on the southern Lomonosov Ridge close to the Laptev Sea continental margin from September 1995 to August 1996. In addition, data from surface sediments were included in the study. Annual fluxes of lithogenic matter, CaCO 3 , opal, and particulate organic carbon were 3.9, 0.8, 2.6, and 1.5 g m À2 y À1 , respectively, in the shallow trap and 11.3, 0.5, 2.9, and 1.05 g m À2 y À1 , respectively, in the deep trap.Both the shallow and the deep trap showed significant variations in vertical flux over the year. Higher values were found from mid-July to the end of October (total mass flux of 75-130 mg m À2 d À1 in the shallow trap and 40-225 mg m À2 d À1 in the deep trap). During all other months, fluxes were fairly low in both traps (most total mass flux values o10 mg m À2 d À1 ). The interval of increased fluxes can be separated into (1) a mid-July/August maximum caused by increased primary production as documented in high abundances of marine biomarkers and diatoms and (2) a September/October maximum caused by increased influence of Lena River discharge indicated by maximum lithogenic flux and large amounts of terrigenous/fluvial biomarkers in both traps. During September/October, total mass fluxes in the deep trap were significantly higher than in the shallow trap, suggesting a lateral sediment flux at greater depth. The lithogenic flux data also support the importance of sediment input from the Laptev Sea for the sediment accumulation on the Lomonosov Ridge on geological time scales, as indicated in sedimentary records from this region. r

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Fahl

Nöthig

2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

109

107

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“…Coombs et al (1967) reported that the lipid content of the diatom Navicula pelliculosa increased by about 60% during a 14 h siliconstarvation period. In addition to nutrition, fatty acid and lipid composition and content were also found to be influenced by a number of other factors such as light (Constantopolous and Bloch, 1967;Nichols, 1965;Pohl and Wagner, 1972;Rosenberg and Gouaux, 1967) and low temperatures (Ackman et al, 1968). With the advent of the oil embargo in the early 1970s, a search for alternative energy sources set the stage for an almost twenty-year research effort devoted to biofuel production from algal lipids.…”

Section: Historical Perspective and Recent Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances

et al. 2008

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SummaryMicroalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro-organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20-50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level. While the concept of using microalgae as an alternative and renewable source of lipid-rich biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored over the past few decades, a scalable, commercially viable system has yet to emerge. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily confined to high-value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization.

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“…Ž 1995 , the short-chain saturated and monorpoly-. unsaturated compounds are commonly related to a Ž marine source e.g., Kates and Volcani, 1966;Ackman et al, 1968;Harrington et al, 1970;Pohl and Zurheide, 1979;Falk-Petersen et al, 1987;Fraser et . al., 1989;Volkman, 1989;Fahl and Kattner, 1993 .…”

Section: Biomarkers As Organic-carbon Source and Environmental Indicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

1999

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In order to examine the variation in marine and terrigenous sources of the organic matter during the last 15,000 Cal. yr Ž BP, hydrogen index values, CrN ratios, and specific biomolecules short-and long-chain n-alkanes, short-chain fatty acids, . sterols, alkenones, and pigments were determined in three sediment cores from the Laptev Sea continental margin. The results show that the interpretation of the biomarker data is much more complicated and less definitive in comparison to similar data sets from low-latitude open-ocean environments. This is mainly caused by the complexity of the Arctic Ocean system, which is characterized by a high seasonality of sea-ice cover and primary productivity, sea-ice sediment transport Ž . and a high fluvial supply of freshwater aquatic organic matter. A combination of organic geochemical, organic petrographic and micropaleontological data may yield to a more precise identification of organic-carbon sources for these Ž . complex systems. On the Laptev Sea shelf cores KD9502-14 and PS2725-5 , terrigenous organic-carbon input controlled by river discharge seems to be predominant during the last about 10,000 Cal. yr BP. Maximum supply of terrigenous organic Ž . carbon was reached in the Early Holocene i.e., about 9000-10,000 Cal. yr BP . Further offshore at the upper continental Ž . slope core PS2458-4 , a major change in organic-composition occurred near 10,000 Cal. yr BP. During this period hydrogen indices as well as the amounts of short-chain n-alkanes, short-chain fatty acids, dinosterol and brassicasterol significantly increased, indicating increased relative proportions of marine organic matter preserved in the later time interval. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Marine Phytoplankter Fatty Acids

Cited by 430 publications

References 0 publications

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

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