Marine Organisms with Anti-Diabetes Properties

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates caused by its complications. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in looking for new bioactive compounds to treat this disease, including metabolites of marine origin. Several aquatic organisms have been screened to evaluate their possible anti-diabetes activities, such as bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, seagrasses, sponges, corals, sea anemones, fish, salmon skin, a shark fusion protein as well as fish and shellfish wastes. Both in vitro and in vivo screenings have been used to test anti-hyperglycemic and anti-diabetic activities of marine organisms. This review summarizes recent discoveries in anti-diabetes properties of several marine organisms as well as marine wastes, existing patents and possible future research directions in this field.

Antidiabetic Activity of Ergosterol from Pleurotus Ostreatus in KK‐Ay Mice with Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…There are over 382 million people globally with DM. This number is expected to increase to around 500 million by 2030, and DM will become the seventh leading cause of death …”

“…There are two types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes (insulin‐dependent, T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (non‐insulin‐dependent, T2DM). Over 90% of patients with diabetes are non‐insulin‐dependent which is caused by insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction . Its typical clinical manifestation concludes excessive drink, excessive food, diuresis or sweet urine, and weight loss, and it is also characterized by lipid abnormalities.…”

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disease which occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively utilize the insulin it produces. [1] It elevated high blood glucose as the main characteristics, and accompanied by the metabolism disorder of glucose, lipids, and proteins. With the rapid growth of the incidence of DM, it has become the third disease which is a severe threat to human health following cardiovascular and neoplastic disease.…”

Bioactive peptides with antidiabetic properties: a review

“…The α‐amylase secreted from salivary and pancreatic glands triggers the hydrolysis of polysaccharides such as starch, the main source of energy in human nutrition. This process releases oligosaccharides that can be further hydrolysed by α‐glucosidases located on the gut wall (Caner et al ., ). Alpha‐glucosidase is a membrane‐bound carbohydrase in the epithelium of the small intestine that facilitates glucose absorption in the small intestine by catalysing the hydrolytic cleavage of oligosaccharides and disaccharides into absorbable monosaccharides (Zambrowicz et al ., ).…”

“…Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas, regulates blood glucose level. Insufficient insulin or insulin resistance results in abnormal blood glucose level, a condition that is considered non-insulin dependent or adult-onset diabetes because individuals with this disease are not necessarily dependent on insulin (Anguizola et al, 2013;Lauritano & Ianora, 2016).…”