Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and the Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Joensen, Albert Marni; Overvad, Kim; Dethlefsen, Claus; Johnsen, Søren Paaske; Tjønneland, Anne; Rasmussen, Lars Hvilsted; Schmidt, Erik Berg

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.987057

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…In the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study of 57,053 healthy enrollees unselected for cardiac risk factors, a buttock adipose biopsy was taken at baseline, along with demographic and medical information [83]. Incident cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were matched, and levels of EPA, DHA, and DPA in the tissue were determined.…”

Section: Role Of Measuring N-3 Pufa Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Principles, Practices, Pitfalls, and Promises - A Contemporary Review

Kones¹,

Howell²,

Rumana³

2017

Med Princ Pract

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Amidst voluminous literature, inconsistencies and opposing results have confused rather than clarified cardiologists' ability to assess the potential benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). In perspective, there are common themes that emerge from n-3 PUFA studies, even as imperfect as they may be. The approach taken was to identify and unite these themes into a manageable, cohesive, evidence-based, yet useful synthesis. In all reviews and meta-analyses, the selection of component studies and assumptions influences outcomes. This overarching principle must be combined with the totality of the data, particularly when evidence is incompletely understood and gaps in knowledge must be bridged. Both the older literature and the most recent rigorous meta-analyses indicate that n-3 PUFA are highly pleiotropic agents with many documented positive physiological effects. Concordance among preclinical, observational, randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses is impressive. These agents have modest, statistically significant benefits which accrue over time. Given their favorable safety profile, a risk reduction of about 10% justifies their potential use in cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Role Of Measuring N-3 Pufa Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Principles, Practices, Pitfalls, and Promises - A Contemporary Review

Kones¹,

Howell²,

Rumana³

2017

Med Princ Pract

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“…The adipose tissue content of ALA was quantified with the use of gas chromatography as described previously (37). Peak retention times and area percentages of individual fatty acids were identified with the use of commercially available standards (NuChek-Prep; Elysian).…”

Section: Measurement Of Adipose Tissue Content Of Alamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake and adipose tissue content of α-linolenic acid and risk of myocardial infarction: a Danish cohort study

Bork¹,

Jakobsen

Lundbye‐Christensen

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Intake of the plant-derived v-3 (n-3) fatty acid a-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3; n-3) may reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of ALA, adipose tissue content of ALA, and risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI). Design: A total of 57,053 participants, aged 50-64 y, were enrolled in the prospective Danish cohort study Diet, Cancer and Health between 1993 and 1997. Dietary intake of ALA was assessed with the use of a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in the full cohort, whereas the adipose tissue content of ALA was determined with the use of gas chromatography in all incident MI cases and in a random sex-stratified sample of the total cohort (n = 3500). Results: During a median of 17 y of follow-up, we identified 2177 male and 912 female cases of MI. After appropriate exclusions, we included 2124 men and 854 women for analyses of dietary intake of ALA, whereas 1994 men and 770 women were included in the analysis of the adipose tissue content of ALA. In multivariate analyses that were conducted with the use of restricted cubic splines and adjusted for established CHD risk factors, weak positive associations in men and weak U-shaped associations in women were shown between both dietary intake and the adipose tissue content of ALA and risk of MI, but these associations were not statistically significant. Additional adjustments for dietary factors did not influence the observed associations numerically. Conclusion: This study suggests that ALA has no appreciable association with risk of incident MI in either men or women.Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:41-8.

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“…Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are generally believed to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk [1], [2], [3], [4]. Intakes of n-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20∶5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22∶6n-3) present in fish oil, are confirmed to prevent fatal CHD and sudden cardiac death in both observational studies and large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [1], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of Endogenous Desaturase Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the CAREMA Cohort Study

Vaarhorst

Merry

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIntakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially EPA (C20∶5n-3) and DHA (C22∶6n-3), are known to prevent fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). The effects of n-6 PUFAs including arachidonic acid (C20∶4n-6), however, remain unclear. δ-5 and δ-6 desaturases are rate-limiting enzymes for synthesizing long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. C20∶4n-6 to C20∶3n-6 and C18∶3n-6 to C18∶2n-6 ratios are markers of endogenous δ-5 and δ-6 desaturase activities, but have never been studied in relation to incident CHD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between these ratios as well as genotypes of FADS1 rs174547 and CHD incidence.MethodsWe applied a case-cohort design within the CAREMA cohort, a large prospective study among the general Dutch population followed up for a median of 12.1 years. Fatty acid profile in plasma cholesteryl esters and FADS1 genotype at baseline were measured in a random subcohort (n = 1323) and incident CHD cases (n = 537). Main outcome measures were hazard ratios (HRs) of incident CHD adjusted for major CHD risk factors.ResultsThe AA genotype of rs174547 was associated with increased plasma levels of C204n-6, C20∶5n-3 and C22∶6n-3 and increased δ-5 and δ-6 desaturase activities, but not with CHD risk. In multivariable adjusted models, high baseline δ-5 desaturase activity was associated with reduced CHD risk (P for trend = 0.02), especially among those carrying the high desaturase activity genotype (AA): HR (95% CI) = 0.35 (0.15–0.81) for comparing the extreme quintiles. High plasma DHA levels were also associated with reduced CHD risk.ConclusionIn this prospective cohort study, we observed a reduced CHD risk with an increased C20∶4n-6 to C20∶3n-6 ratio, suggesting that δ-5 desaturase activity plays a role in CHD etiology. This should be investigated further in other independent studies.

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Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and the Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Cited by 51 publications

References 52 publications

n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Principles, Practices, Pitfalls, and Promises - A Contemporary Review

n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Principles, Practices, Pitfalls, and Promises - A Contemporary Review

Dietary intake and adipose tissue content of α-linolenic acid and risk of myocardial infarction: a Danish cohort study

Markers of Endogenous Desaturase Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the CAREMA Cohort Study

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