Marine microalgae for bioremediation and waste-to-worth valorization: recent progress and future prospects

Abstract

In the quest for sustainable environmental solutions, marine microalgae emerge as powerful allies in bioremediation and biomass valorization endeavors. This review navigates through various facets of marine microalgae utilization, starting with isolation, screening, and identification techniques, which lay the foundation for understanding strain diversity and capabilities. Delving deeper, bioremediation mechanisms performed by marine microalgae are elucidated, showcasing the natural capacity to cleanse polluted environments via biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. Furthermore, the waste-to-worth valorization of marine microalgae is explored, with comprehensive discussions on conversions into biofuels, bioplastics, high-value products, and animal feed. As one way forward, emerging advancements in genetic engineering to enhance pollutant removal capacities are presented alongside the development of microalgae consortia and integrated waste treatment processes. This multidimensional approach highlights the ultimate potential of marine microalgae in bioremediation and biomass valorization, laying the groundwork for a sustainable future achieved by working with nature, hand-in-hand.