Marine Metazoan Modern Mass Extinction: Improving Predictions by Integrating Fossil, Modern, and Physiological Data

Calosi, Piero; Putnam, Hollie M.; Twitchett, Richard J.; Vermandele, Fanny

doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095106

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Our results highlight the importance of accounting for phylogeny and exposure duration. Especially when considering long-term trials, these effects are more in line with the warming-induced reduction in body mass observed during long-term rearing experiments [5] and over past extinctions [8]. Explicitly incorporating timescale may thus hold the key to resolve discrepancies between short-term trials, which do not always find evidence for oxygen limitation, and the results of long-term laboratory and field studies, which do suggest a role for oxygen limitation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: a comparison between water- and air-breathers

Leiva

Calosi

Verberk

2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Global warming appears to favour smaller-bodied organisms, but whether larger species are also more vulnerable to thermal extremes, as suggested for past mass-extinction events, is still an open question. Here, we tested whether interspecific differences in thermal tolerance (heat and cold) of ectotherm organisms are linked to differences in their body mass and genome size (as a proxy for cell size). Since the vulnerability of larger, aquatic taxa to warming has been attributed to the oxygen limitation hypothesis, we also assessed how body mass and genome size modulate thermal tolerance in species with contrasting breathing modes, habitats and life stages. A database with the upper (CTmax) and lower (CTmin) critical thermal limits and their methodological aspects was assembled comprising more than 500 species of ectotherms. Our results demonstrate that thermal tolerance in ectotherms is dependent on body mass and genome size and these relationships became especially evident in prolonged experimental trials where energy efficiency gains importance. During long-term trials, CTmax was impaired in larger-bodied water-breathers, consistent with a role for oxygen limitation. Variation in CTmin was mostly explained by the combined effects of body mass and genome size and it was enhanced in larger-celled, air-breathing species during long-term trials, consistent with a role for depolarization of cell membranes. Our results also highlight the importance of accounting for phylogeny and exposure duration. Especially when considering long-term trials, the observed effects on thermal limits are more in line with the warming-induced reduction in body mass observed during long-term rearing experiments. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Physiological diversity, biodiversity patterns and global climate change: testing key hypotheses involving temperature and oxygen’.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: a comparison between water- and air-breathers

Leiva

Calosi

Verberk

2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our results highlight the importance of accounting for phylogeny and exposure duration. Especially when considering long-term trials these effects are more in line with the warming-induced reduction in body mass observed during long-term rearing experiments [5] and over past extinctions [8]. Explicitly incorporating time scale may thus hold the key to resolve discrepancies between short-term trials that do not always find evidence for oxygen limitation and the results of long-term laboratory and field studies that do suggest a role for oxygen limitation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: A comparison between water-and air-breathers

Leiva

Calosi

Verberk

2019

Preprint

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16Global warming appears to favour smaller-bodied organisms, but whether larger species are also 17 more vulnerable to thermal extremes, as suggested for past mass-extinction events, is still an 18 open question. Here, we tested whether interspecific differences in thermal tolerance (heat and 19 cold) of ectotherm organisms are linked to differences in their body mass and genome size (as a 20 proxy for cell size). Since the vulnerability of larger, aquatic taxa to warming has been attributed 21 to the oxygen limitation hypothesis, we also assessed how body mass and genome size modulate 22 thermal tolerance in species with contrasting breathing modes, habitats and life-stages. A 23 database with the upper (CTmax) and lower (CTmin) critical thermal limits and their 24 methodological aspects was assembled comprising more than 500 species of ectotherms. Our 25 results demonstrate that thermal tolerance in ectotherms is dependent on body mass and genome 26 size and these relationships became especially evident in prolonged experimental trials where 27 energy efficiency gains importance. During long-term trials, CTmax was impaired in larger-28 bodied water-breathers, consistent with a role for oxygen limitation. Variation in CTmin was 29 mostly explained by the combined effects of body mass and genome size and it was enhanced in 30 larger-celled, air-breathing species during long-term trials, consistent with a role for 31 depolarization of cell membranes. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for 32 phylogeny and exposure duration. Especially when considering long-term trials, the observed 33 effects on thermal limits are more in line with the warming-induced reduction in body mass 34 observed during long-term rearing experiments. 36The capacity of organisms to take up and transform resources from their environment is a 37 key attribute governing growth, reproduction and subsequently affecting population dynamics, 38 community composition and ecosystem functioning [1,2]. Such capacity seems to be mainly 39 dictated by the species' body mass [3]. Macroecological and paleoecological data show spatial 40 (e.g. Bergmann's rule [4,5]) and temporal (Lilliput's effect [6]) variation in body mass, which 41 share a common point related to the environmental temperature: at warmer, tropical latitudes and 42 during the past mass extinctions, warming appears to select for smaller-bodied species [5,[7][8][9]. 43Body size reductions with warming appear to be stronger in aquatic taxa than in terrestrial taxa 44 [5]. In tandem with body size reductions, both aquatic and terrestrial species are shifting their 45 distribution towards cooler habitats and their phenology to earlier and hence, cooler conditions 46 [10,11]. One approach that has been taken to clarify the extent and variation in species 47 redistributions, and to determine which taxonomic groups are potentially more vulnerable to the 48 effects of climate change, is that of comparative studies that analyze thermal tolerance limits 49 (upper and lower) synthesized...

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“…Investigation of individual-and population-level (e.g. abundance) traits has provided evidence for a good match between fossil and recent extinction risk [55], and newer studies support this claim [40,56,57].…”

Section: Addressing Specific Questionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, several marine mass extinctions are likely the result of multiple stressors that today jeopardise modern marine systems: warming, ocean acidification and deoxygenation [45,49,68,69]. The mechanistic links bridging organismic physiology and deep-time palaeontology are beginning to emerge [57], and a closer collaboration among disciplines is clearly the way forward.…”

Section: Addressing Specific Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing priority questions of conservation science with palaeontological data

Kiessling

Raja

Roden

et al. 2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Palaeontologists often ask identical questions to those asked by ecologists. Despite this, ecology is considered a core discipline of conservation biology, while palaeontologists are rarely consulted in the protection of species, habitats and ecosystems. The recent emergence of conservation palaeobiology presents a big step towards better integration of palaeontology in conservation science, although its focus on historical baselines may not fully capture the potential contributions of geohistorical data to conservation science. In this essay we address previously defined priority questions in conservation and consider which of these questions may be answerable using palaeontological data. Using a statistical assessment of surveys, we find that conservation biologists and younger scientists have a more optimistic view of potential palaeontological contributions to the field compared to experienced palaeontologists. Participants considered questions related to climate change and marine ecosystems to be the best addressable with palaeontological data. As these categories are also deemed most relevant by ecologists and receive the greatest research effort in conservation, they are the natural choice for future academic collaboration. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’

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Marine Metazoan Modern Mass Extinction: Improving Predictions by Integrating Fossil, Modern, and Physiological Data

Cited by 29 publications

References 145 publications

Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: a comparison between water- and air-breathers

Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: a comparison between water- and air-breathers

Scaling of thermal tolerance with body mass and genome size in ectotherms: A comparison between water-and air-breathers

Addressing priority questions of conservation science with palaeontological data

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