Marine Mammal Oils

Shahidi, Fereidoon; Zhong, Ying

doi:10.1002/047167849x.bio070

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Long-chain PUFA are commonly thought to be more susceptible to degradation due to the methylene bridges between double bonds, which have particularly reactive hydrogens that are easily abstracted by free radicals [ 25 ]. It has thus been assumed that there should be preferential degradation of LC-PUFA relative to other lipid classes in improperly stored samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there is a need to investigate how the same handling and storage protocols affect the FA content of aquatic species (in this case fishes) from different taxonomic families, from different environments (i.e., marine and freshwater) and that have, at the outset, different FA and total lipid contents in their tissues. Furthermore, there are numerous analytical methods routinely used for measuring lipid oxidation in tissues [ 25 ]; however, most of these studies focus on quantifying the products of oxidation rather than quantifying changes in FA contents, which is useful in investigating food web dynamics, biomarker interpretation, and evaluating nutritional quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Handling and Storage Procedures Have Variable Effects on Fatty Acid Content in Fishes with Different Lipid Quantities

et al. 2016

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It is commonly assumed that the most accurate data on fatty acid (FA) contents are obtained when samples are analyzed immediately after collection. For logistical reasons, however, this is not always feasible and samples are often kept on ice or frozen at various temperatures and for diverse time periods. We quantified temporal changes of selected FA (μg FAME per mg tissue dry weight) from 6 fish species subjected to 2 handling and 3 storage methods and compared them to FA contents from muscle tissue samples that were processed immediately. The following species were investigated: Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), Antarctic Eelpout (Pachycara brachycephalum), Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus). The impact of storage method and duration of storage on FA contents were species-specific, but not FA-specific. There was no advantage in using nitrogen gas for tissue samples held on ice for 1 week; however, holding tissue samples on ice for 1 week resulted in a loss of FA in Charr. In addition, most FA in Trout and Charr decreased in quantity after being stored between 3 and 6 hours on ice. Freezer storage temperature (-80 or -20°C) also had a significant effect on FA contents in some species. Generally, we recommend that species with high total lipid content (e.g. Charr and Trout) should be treated with extra caution to avoid changes in FA contents, with time on ice and time spent in a freezer emerging as significant factors that changed FA contents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handling and Storage Procedures Have Variable Effects on Fatty Acid Content in Fishes with Different Lipid Quantities

et al. 2016

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“…Fish lipids, however, also contain varying amounts of other unusual types of fatty acids (FA) that are not commonly found in other food sources [12]. For example, saury [13], pollock [14], herring [15], capelin [16], and sprats [17], as well as marine mammals, such as seals and whales [18], are all enriched in long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA) that originate from their food source, such as zooplankton [19, 20] (Table 1). LCMUFA are defined as monounsaturated fatty acid isomers with aliphatic tails at least 20 carbons (Table 2), with n-11 LCMUFA as the most abundant component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary marine-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk: a mini review

2016

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Regular fish/fish oil consumption is widely recommended for protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Fish and other marine life are rich sources of the cardioprotective long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3; DHA). The lipid content and fatty acid profile of fish, however, vary greatly among different fish species. In addition to n-3 PUFA, certain fish, such as saury, pollock, and herring, also contain high levels of long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA), with aliphatic tails longer than 18 C atoms (i.e., C20:1 and C22:1 isomers). Compared with well-studied n-3 PUFA, limited information, however, is available on the health benefits of marine-derived LCMUFA, particularly in regard to CVD. Our objective in this review is to summarize the current knowledge and provide perspective on the potential therapeutic value of dietary LCMUFA-rich marine oil for improving CVD risk factors. We will also review the possible mechanisms of LCMUFA action on target tissues. Finally, we describe the epidemiologic data and small-scaled clinical studies that have been done on marine oils enriched in LCMUFA. Although there are still many unanswered questions about LCMUFA, this appears to be promising new area of research that may lead to new insights into the health benefits of a different component of fish oils besides n-3 PUFA.

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“…Palmitoleic Fish oils were considered as edible oils with generally recognized as safe status in 1989 in the United States, where menhaden oil was the first oil approved (Shahidi and Zhong, 2005). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1994 amended the standard of identity for margarine, so as to permit the use of marine oils (FDA, 166.110).…”

Section: Unsaturated Fatty Acids Content (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%