Marine macroalgae polysaccharides-based nanomaterials: an overview with respect to nanoscience applications

Abstract

Background Exploration of marine macroalgae poly-saccharide-based nanomaterials is emerging in the nanotechnology field, such as wound dressing, water treatment, environmental engineering, biosensor, and food technology. Main body In this article, the current innovation and encroachments of marine macroalgae polysaccharide-based nanoparticles (NPs), and their promising opportunities, for future prospect in different industries are briefly reviewed. The extraction and advancement of various natural sources from marine polysaccharides, including carrageenan, agarose, fucoidan, and ulvan, are highlighted in order to provide a wide range of impacts on the nanofood technology. Further, seaweed or marine macroalgae is an unexploited natural source of polysaccharides, which involves numerous different phytonutrients in the outermost layer of the cell and is rich in sulphated polysaccharides (SP), SP-based nanomaterial which has an enhanced potential value in the nanotechnology field. Conclusion At the end of this article, the promising prospect of SP-based NPs and their applications in the food sector is briefly addressed.

Sensor technologies for the detection and monitoring of endocrine-disrupting chemicals

“…Recent electrochemical sensing systems have also used nanomaterials to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of the systems ( Guo and Irudayaraj, 2011 ; Stefan-van Staden et al, 2019 ). The incorporation of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other metal-based nanomaterials onto electrodes provides more selective and sensitive results by improving signal-to-noise ratios on the sensing electrode ( Qu et al, 2019 ; Sofen and Furst, 2019 ; Ahmad et al, 2022 ).…”

Algal Polysaccharides-Based Nanomaterials: General Aspects and Potential Applications in Food and Biomedical Fields

“…Polysaccharide-based nanosystems can reduce drug toxicity and side effects [5,71]. Nanomaterials based on algae and microalgae have received attention due to their physicochemical properties, stability, and low cost, in addition to characteristics such as hydrophilicity, high biodegradability, and biocompatibility [14,72]. Due to their specific controlled structures, algal biocompounds such as polysaccharides can fabricate nanomaterials (Table 2).…”

“…Ionic gelation and complexation of polyelectrolytes are commonly employed by adding cationic molecules to these anionic polymers [88]. Thus, polysaccharides of algal origin can produce stable polymeric nanoparticles, with the desired shape, size, and charge, through the opposite charge interaction of the polysaccharide [14]. Nanofibers are elongated thin structures composed of synthetic polymer, natural polymer, or biopolymers.…”

“…The manipulation of polysaccharides on a nanometric scale has contributed to increasing the potential of these components in a range of applications, boosting interdisciplinarity in the scientific world to maximize the exploitation of all the advantages of nanostructured polysaccharides [95]. Synthesized nanomaterials based on algae biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, can be used for coating and encapsulation and to contribute to sustainability [14]. Polysaccharide-based nanomaterials are reported for biomedical applications, such as wound healing, cancer treatment, tissue engineering, drug delivery, gene delivery, and antimicrobial activities [6].…”

“…Therefore, the preparation steps, low yield, and high cost are obstacles to promoting nano/microcapsules in the market [6]. Furthermore, extracting valuable components of algal polysaccharides is still challenging from an economic view because all compounds are compacted and filled in the cell, making the process very expensive [14]. Additionally, some polysaccharides have low solubility in common solvents, which limits the chemical modification of polysaccharides [15].…”