Marine macroalgae as sources of protein and bioactive compounds in feed for monogastric animals

Øverland, Margareth; Mydland, Liv Torunn; Skrede, Anders

doi:10.1002/jsfa.9143

Cited by 285 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(342 reference statements)

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“…Seaweeds are considered a good source of protein, as they contain all essential amino acids, acidic amino acids, and conditional essential amino acids (Tanna & Mishra, ). Amino acid profiling of selected seaweeds confirmed that they contain higher concentration of some essential amino acids than the milk and egg protein consumed worldwide (Øverland, Mydland, & Skrede, ). There are numerous reports on the amino acid composition of seaweed species from various locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Phenolic, flavonoid, and amino acid compositions reveal that selected tropical seaweeds have the potential to be functional food ingredients

Tanna

Brahmbhatt

Mishra

2019

J Food Process Preserv

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Seaweeds are a rich source of metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoid, and amino acids, and have been used as food or food supplements in Asian countries since ancient times. Different metabolites are being reported from seaweeds worldwide, but there has been little reported, so far, on tropical seaweeds of the Arabian Sea coast. Eighteen abundant tropical seaweeds (7 green, 4 brown, and 7 red) were collected from the Saurashtra Coast of the Arabian Sea (Gujarat, India), and their phenolic, flavonoid, and amino acid compositions were studied. Liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy revealed the presence of important polyphenols and flavonoids. High‐performance liquid chromatography detected ascorbic acid and 19 natural flavonoids, including gallic acid, catechins, myricetin, proanthocyanin, kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin, and lutein. The highest amount of ascorbic acid (26.3 mg/g DW) was detected in Ulva fasciata, followed by Ulva lactuca (20 mg/g DW) and Grateloupia indica (11.5 mg/g DW). All green and red seaweeds contained gallic acid, with the highest amount (9 mg/g DW) in Amphiroa anceps, followed by Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (8.5 mg/g DW) and Caulerpa corynephora (4 mg/g DW). The highest catechin content was found in A. anceps (14 mg/g DW), followed by C. racemosa var. macrophysa and Spatoglossum asperum (11 mg/g DW). Amino acids are primary metabolites that are important in the human diet. Among the green seaweeds, the highest amounts of leucine (0.2 mg/g protein), lysine (0.5 mg/g protein), methionine (0.4 mg/g protein), phenylalanine (0.2 mg/g protein), valine (1.3 mg/g protein), proline (48 mg/g protein), and tyrosine (28 mg/g protein) were detected in Caulerpa spp. The highest amounts of the sulfur‐rich amino acids, methionine (1 mg/g protein), and cysteine (9 mg/g protein), were found in the red seaweed Gracilaria corticata. This study reveals that tropical seaweeds, including Caulerpa spp., Spatoglossum asperum, Stoechospermum polypodioides, Gracilaria corticata, and Grateloupia indica, are promising as functional food ingredients or dietary supplements for daily intake. Practical applications The present study demonstrates that tropical seaweeds, especially Caulerpa species (corynephora, racemosa and chemnitzia), S. asperum, S. polypodioides, G. corticata, and G. indica are rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including ascorbic acid, gallic acid, catechins, myricetin, proanthocyanin, and essential amino acids. These metabolites are natural antioxidants and own high bioactivity. The article reveals the functional food or nutraceutical potential of tropical seaweeds. As practical perspective, tropical seaweeds such as Caulerpa has potential to be processed further as a functional food or may be explored for the extraction of nutraceuticals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Phenolic, flavonoid, and amino acid compositions reveal that selected tropical seaweeds have the potential to be functional food ingredients

Tanna

Brahmbhatt

Mishra

2019

J Food Process Preserv

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“…A major component of brown seaweed cell walls is a salt form of alginic acid, alginate with the content ranging from 140-400 g/kg DM [30]. Brown seaweed walls are also rich in fucoidans, which are saccharide units with different degrees of sulphation.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diatoms structural characteristics, and thus the different types of functional components have various biological applications. The fucoidan content varies in relation to seaweed species and season, although the content ranges from 20 to 200 g/kg DM, with the highest value in Fucus vesiculosus [17,30,31]. Laminarin, composed of (1,3)-b-D-glucopyranose residues, is the main reserve carbohydrate of brown seaweeds with a content ranging from 0 to 300 g/kg DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Saccharina latissima a high content of laminarin has been reported, while, Ascophyllum nodosum and, Fucus spp. presented a low laminarin content [17,30,31]. Laminarin presents prebiotic, immunomodulator and antioxidant activities [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total polysaccharide content (% DM) is 29-67% in green algae (Chlorophyta), 10-59% in red algae (Rhodophita) and 10-75% in brown algae (Phaecophyta). [29].A major component of brown seaweed cell walls is a salt form of alginic acid, alginate with the content ranging from 140-400 g/kg DM [30]. Brown seaweed walls are also rich in fucoidans, which are saccharide units with different degrees of sulphation.…”

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Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition

Corino

Modina

Giancamillo

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple Summary: In pig nutrition, alternative and safe supplements are needed to enhance the pigs' health and welfare. Natural feed components, such as herbs and plant extracts, are of great importance in animal nutrition, and marine macroalgae can be considered as supplements positively influence animal health parameters. Seaweeds possess several bioactive molecules that are studied for their prebiotic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Seaweed benefits are related to their content of sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, diterpenes, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. This paper reviews the following biological functions of seaweeds and seaweed extracts in pig nutrition: prebiotics, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, promoting intestinal well-being and improving digestibility.Abstract: Seaweeds are macroalgae, with different sizes, colors and composition. They consist of brown algae, red algae and green algae, which all have a different chemical composition and bioactive molecule content. The polysaccharides, laminarin and fucoidan are commonly present in brown seaweeds, ulvans are found in green seaweeds and, red algae contain a large amount of carrageenans. These bioactive compounds may have several positive effects on health in livestock. In order to reduce the antimicrobials used in livestock, research has recently focused on finding natural and sustainable molecules that boost animal performance and health. The present study thus summarizes research on the dietary integration of seaweeds in swine. In particular the influence on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities were considered. The review highlights that brown seaweeds seem to be a promising dietary intervention in pigs in order to boost the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health. Data on the use of green seaweeds as a dietary supplementation seems to be lacking at present and merit further investigation.(Bacillariophyceae), green algae (Chlorophyceae) and golden algae (Chrysophyceae) are the most abundant but blue-green algae (Cyanophyceae) are also defined as microalgae [2]. The bioactive molecules of microalgae are used as food and feed supplements [3].Seaweeds are marine organisms and comprise thousands of species, which are classified on the basis of their pigmentation: brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae), red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) and green seaweeds (Chlorophyceae).There are around 1800 species of brown seaweeds include, only 1% of which are recognized from freshwater and the size range varies from 20 m to 30 cm long. The brown color of these algae is related to the main content of carotenoid fucoxanthin, which masks β-carotene, violaxanthin, diatoxanthin, and chlorophyll. The main polysaccharides are laminarin, fucoidans and alginates, and the cell walls are composed of cellulose and alginic acid [4].Like brown seaweeds, red algae (about 6100 specie...

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Analyzing eight Turkish macroalgae: Fatty acids, proteins, and in silico biological activity profiles

Naz,

Şenol,

Okudan

et al. 2024

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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This study investigated the fatty acid (FA) compositions and proteins’ molecular weight profiles (MWP) of eight macroalgae species collected from the Antalya and Çanakkale in Turkiye: three red (Liagora viscida, Laurencia obtusa, Palisada perforata), three brown (Stypopodium schimperi, Cladostephus spongiosus, Halopteris scoparia), and two green (Caulerpa scalpelliformis, Penicillus capitatus). The potential bioactivities of the FAs were evaluated by in silico studies, focusing on anti‐cholinesterase, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects. The predominant FA across all species was palmitic acid comprising over 50% of total FAs in most species. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was abundant in seven of the eight species. Significant variations in MWPs were observed among species, with values ranging from <2532 to >67 000 Da. Brown algae generally exhibited higher MWP levels compared to red and green algae which showed distinctive profiles. In silico studies revealed that DHA exhibited the strongest binding affinity toward lipoxygenase acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes with −8.829, −10.636, and −7.984 kcal mol−1 docking scores, respectively. DHA demonstrated significant interactions with key residues, forming hydrogen bonds critical for enzymatic inhibition and potential therapeutic effects. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of DHA–protein complexes with low root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation values. This comprehensive analysis underscores the nutritional richness and potential bioactivity of macroalgae, particularly in terms of FA composition and protein profiles. The findings suggest that macroalgae, rich in DHA and other beneficial FAs, hold promise for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, warranting further exploration into their therapeutic potential.Practical Applications: This study explores the fatty acid compositions and protein MWPs of eight macroalgae from Turkey's coasts. The findings suggest potential applications in aquaculture feeds and functional foods. Notably, DHA stands out for its antioxidant, cardioprotective, and cholinesterase inhibitor properties, making these macroalgae promising sources for obtaining DHA. The research supports practical applications in developing nutritional supplements, pharmaceuticals, and aquaculture practices, harnessing the bioactive potential of these marine resources for human health and industry.

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Marine macroalgae as sources of protein and bioactive compounds in feed for monogastric animals

Cited by 285 publications

References 129 publications

Phenolic, flavonoid, and amino acid compositions reveal that selected tropical seaweeds have the potential to be functional food ingredients

Phenolic, flavonoid, and amino acid compositions reveal that selected tropical seaweeds have the potential to be functional food ingredients

Seaweeds in Pig Nutrition

Analyzing eight Turkish macroalgae: Fatty acids, proteins, and in silico biological activity profiles

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