Marine life of the sea trout

Thorstad, Eva B.; Todd, Christopher; Uglem, Ingebrigt; Bjørn, Pål Arne; Gargan, Patrick; Vollset, Knut Wiik; Halttunen, Elina; Kålås, Steinar; Berg, Marius; Finstad, Bengt

doi:10.1007/s00227-016-2820-3

Cited by 92 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…There is considerable variation in life-history strategies among individuals and populations, and in the timing and duration of marine migrations of brown trout (Aldvén & Davidsen, 2017;Jonsson, 1989; Thorstad et al, 2016). Figure 2 illustrates this diversity: after 1-7 years in freshwater, some individuals make a physiological transformation from parr to smolt and migrate to sea.…”

Section: Phenotypic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)

et al. 2019

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This paper reviews the life history of brown trout and factors influencing decisions to migrate. Decisions that maximize fitness appear dependent on size at age. In partly anadromous populations, individuals that attain maturity at the parr stage typically become freshwater resident. For individual fish, the life history is not genetically fixed and can be modified by the previous growth history and energetic state in early life. This phenotypic plasticity may be influenced by epigenetic modifications of the genome. Thus, factors influencing survival and growth determine life‐history decisions. These are intra‐ and interspecific competition, feeding and shelter opportunities in freshwater and salt water, temperature in alternative habitats and flow conditions in running water. Male trout exhibit alternative mating strategies and can spawn as a subordinate sneaker or a dominant competitor. Females do not exhibit alternative mating behaviour. The relationship between growth, size and reproductive success differs between sexes in that females exhibit a higher tendency to migrate than males. Southern populations are sensitive to global warming. In addition, fisheries, aquaculture with increased spreading of salmon lice, introduction of new species, weirs and river regulation, poor water quality and coastal developments all threaten trout populations. The paper summarizes life‐history data from six populations across Europe and ends by presenting new research questions and directions for future research.

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Section: Phenotypic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, parasite studies have shown S. trutta to be infected by generalist parasite species transmitted via amphipods or small prey fish such as gadoids and herring (Hemmingsen & Mackenzie 2001, Knudsen et al 2011. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of information on general life history characteristics of S. trutta (Thorstad et al 2016), including comparative regional analyses of differences in feeding habits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic niche similarity among sea trout Salmo trutta in central Norway investigated using different time-integrated trophic tracers

Davidsen¹,

Knudsen²,

Power³

et al. 2017

Aquat. Biol.

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“…The length of the idealized marine migration was set to May 15 to August 15 (93 days), based on Thorstad et al (2016).…”

Section: Growth Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea trout adapt their migratory behaviour in response to high salmon lice concentrations

Halttunen

Gjelland

Hamel

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Sea trout face growth-mortality trade-offs when entering the sea to feed. Salmon lice epizootics resulting from aquaculture have shifted these trade-offs, as salmon lice might both increase mortality and reduce growth of sea trout. We studied mortality and behavioural adaptations of wild sea trout in a large-scale experiment with acoustic telemetry in an aquaculture intensive area that was fallowed (emptied of fish) synchronically biannually, creating large variations in salmon lice concentrations. We tagged 310 wild sea trout during 3 years, and gave half of the individuals a prophylaxis against further salmon lice infestation. There was no difference in survival among years or between treatments. In years of high infestation pressure, however, sea trout remained closer to the river outlet, used freshwater (FW) habitats for longer periods and returned earlier to the river than in the low infestation year. This indicates that sea trout adapt their migratory behaviour by actively choosing FW refuges from salmon lice to escape from immediate mortality risk. Nevertheless, simulations show that these adaptations can lead to lost growth opportunities. Reduced growth can increase long-term mortality of sea trout due to prolonged exposure to size-dependent predation risk, lead to lower fecundity and, ultimately, reduce the likelihood of sea migration.

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Marine life of the sea trout

Cited by 92 publications

References 105 publications

Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)

Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)

Trophic niche similarity among sea trout Salmo trutta in central Norway investigated using different time-integrated trophic tracers

Sea trout adapt their migratory behaviour in response to high salmon lice concentrations

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