Marine-friendly antifouling coating based on the use of a fatty acid derivative as a pigment

Abstract

This study was devoted to examining the application of copper dodecanoate as a non-contaminant antifouling pigment due to its low copper content and fatty acid nature. For this purpose, antifouling paints with mono-component epoxy resin and rosin matrixes were formulated, and their antifouling efficiency was evaluated. Before its incorporation into the different formulations, the synthesized pigment was characterized. Immersion tests in a marine environment were carried out for 12 months to evaluate the antifouling efficiency of the developed paints; the results were compared with those from a commercial paint. The antifouling efficiency of the new epoxy formulation was found to be considerably higher than that of the rosin formulation and very similar to that of the commercial paint. Most importantly, the release of copper from the epoxy paint formulated with copper dodecanoate was 73.5% lower than that of the commercial paint, suggesting prolonged activity of the developed paint.

Transport and antifouling properties of papain-based antifouling coatings

“…In terms of aspect (film integrity), PAP 2 was less deteriorated after 7 months, probably due to the presence of a co-binder (acrylic resin) and plasticizer. As mentioned in our previous study [50], the rosin has a dissolution rate of 50 μg.cm -2 .day -1 , while that of the mixture of rosin/acrylic is ~44 μg.cm -2 .day -1 .…”

“…The first stage (Figure 1a) represents the initial immersion time in the marine environment when the fouling organisms approach the coating, encountering a surface rich in papain. The second stage, which is represented in A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 11 makes the coating soluble in the marine environment [50] due to the formation of soluble resinates with certain metallic ions in water (K and Na) [51]. Figure 1c represents the activated carbon with papain adsorbed inside its pores while Figure 1d illustrates the mechanism of fouling detachment through the reaction of papain and fouling adhesive.…”

Evaluation of low copper content antifouling paints containing natural phenolic compounds as bioactive additives

“…Reducing the content of copper in antifouling paints is a research topic that has been taking place since more 20 years ago, and remains in force until today (Vetere et al, 1997;P erez et al, 2003, 2006Peres et al, 2014). In this regard various antifouling pigments with low copper content have been synthesized but none of them has reached the market yet.…”

Hacia una reducción del contenido decobre en pinturas antiincrustantes

“…Por otro lado, se sintetizó un pigmento a base de tanato cúprico y se comprobó que presenta actividad antifouling en el mar con una reducción del contenido de cobre del orden de 40 veces respecto de una pintura convencional a base de óxido cuproso [38]. Peres y colaboradores [39] han trabajado también en este tema y han logrado una muy buena performance en servicio utilizando dodecanoato de cobre como pigmento antiincrustante. Aunque en tales casos la reducción del contenido de cobre fue mayor, el proceso industrial para preparar estos pigmentos antiincrustantes implica una gran inversión.…”