Marine ecosystems’ responses to climatic and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean

Madron, Xavier Durrieu de; Guieu, Cécile; Sempéré, Richard; Conan, Pascal; Cossa, Daniel; D’Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Estournel, Claude; Gazeau, Frédéric; Rabouille, Christophe; Stemmann, Lars; Bonnet, Sophie; Diaz, Frédéric; Koubbi, Philippe; Radakovitch, Olivier; Babin, Marcel; Baklouti, Mélika; Bancon-Montigny, Chrystelle; Belviso, Sauveur; Bensoussan, Nathaniel; Bonsang, B.; Bouloubassi, Ioanna; Brunet, Christophe; Cadiou, J.F.; Carlotti, François; Chami, Malik; Charmasson, Sabine; Charrìère, Bruno; Dachs, Jordi; Doxaran, David; Dutay, Jean-Claude; Elbaz-Poulichet, Françoise; Eléaume, Marc; Eyrolles, F.; Fernández, Camila; Fowler, Scott W.; Francour, Patrice; Gaertner, Jean Claude; Galzin, René; Gasparini, Stéphane; Ghiglione, J. F.; Gonzalez, Jean-Louis; Goyet, Catherine; Guidi, Lionel; Guizien, Katell; Heimbürger, Lars Eric; Jacquet, Stéphan; Jeffrey, Wade H.; Joux, Fabien; Hir, Pierre Le; Leblanc, Karine; Lefèvre, D.; Lejeusne, Christophe; Lemé, R.; Loÿe-Pilot, Marie-Dominique; Mallet, Marc; Méjanelle, Laurence; Mélin, F.; Mellon, Capucine; Mérigot, Bastien; Merle, Pierre-Laurent; Migon, Christophe; Miller, William L.; Mortier, Laurent; Mostajir, Behzad; Mousseau, Laure; Moutin, Thierry; Para, J.; Pérez, Thierry; Petrenko, Anne; Poggiale, Jean-Christophe; Prieur, Louis; Pujo‐Pay, Mireille; Pulido-Villena,; Raimbault, Patrick; Rees, AP; Ridame, Céline; Rontani, Jean‐François; Pino, Diana Ruiz; Sicre, Marie‐Alexandrine; Taillandier, Vincent; Tamburini, Christian; Tanaka, Tsuneo; Taupier‐Letage, Isabelle; Tedetti, Marc; Testor, Pierre; Thébault, H.; Thouvenin, Bénédicte; Touratier, Franck; Tronczyński, Jacek; Ulses, Caroline; Wambeke, F. Van; Vantrepotte, Vincent; Vaz, Sandrine; Verney, Romaric

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2011.02.003

Cited by 344 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 612 publications

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“…They potentially play an important role in the climate system because of their optical properties (absorption and scattering of infrared and solar radiation, as well as emission of infrared radiation, Slingo et al, 2006), which modify the Earth's radiative budget through complex mechanisms (Sokolik et al, 2001). They also influence biogeochemistry, as dust deposition to the ocean is an important source of iron in highnutrient-low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions (Mahowald et al, 2009;de Madron et al, 2011), which is crucial for phytoplankton growth. Many global climate models simulate dust emission and transport in a coherent manner (Woodage et al, 2010), but the total impact of dust aerosols on Earth's radiative budget still constitutes an important uncertainty (IPCC, 2007;Kok, 2011a).…”

Section: Published By Copernicus Publications On Behalf Of the Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Dust emission size distribution impact on aerosol budget and radiative forcing over the Mediterranean region: a regional climate model approach

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The present study investigates the dust emission and load over the Mediterranean basin using the coupled chemistry-aerosol-regional climate model RegCM-4. The first step of this work focuses on dust particle emission size distribution modeling. We compare a parameterization in which the emission is based on the individual kinetic energy of the aggregates striking the surface to a recent parameterization based on an analogy with the fragmentation of brittle materials. The main difference between the two dust schemes concerns the mass proportion of fine aerosol that is reduced in the case of the new dust parameterization, with consequences for optical properties. At the episodic scale, comparisons between RegCM-4 simulations, satellite and groundbased data show a clear improvement using the new dust distribution in terms of aerosol optical depth (AOD) values and geographic gradients. These results are confirmed at the seasonal scale for the investigated year 2008. This change of dust distribution has sensitive impacts on the simulated regional dust budget, notably dry dust deposition and the regional direct aerosol radiative forcing over the Mediterranean basin. In particular, we find that the new size distribution produces a higher dust deposition flux, and smaller top of atmosphere (TOA) dust radiative cooling. A multi-annual simulation is finally carried out using the new dust distribution over the period [2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009]. The average SW radiative forcing over the Mediterranean Sea reaches −13.6 W m −2 at the surface, and −5.5 W m −2 at TOA. The LW radiative forcing is positive over the basin: 1.7 W m −2 on average over the Mediterranean Sea at the surface, and 0.6 W m −2 at TOA.

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Section: Published By Copernicus Publications On Behalf Of the Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Dust emission size distribution impact on aerosol budget and radiative forcing over the Mediterranean region: a regional climate model approach

et al. 2012

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“…The Mediterranean Sea is also considered a sensitive region for climate forcing because of its size and limited exchange with the Atlantic Ocean [Bethoux et al, 1999]. Recently, it has been identified as a climate change "hot spot" in which intensive environmental impacts are expected because of growing anthropogenic pressure [de Madron et al, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent unprecedented warming and oligotrophy of the eastern Mediterranean Sea within the last millennium

Sisma-Ventura

Yam

Shemesh

2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Mediterranean region is a climatic transitional zone between the subtropical/monsoon regime and the temperate westerlies and is subject to forces acting upon the global climate system. Much knowledge about its climate over the last millennium is derived from terrestrial records, whereas changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and in the dissolved inorganic carbon pool (DIC) are poorly known. We present continuous high-resolution reconstructions of SST and δ 13 C DIC in the eastern Mediterranean (EM) Sea, as inferred from oxygen and carbon isotope records from the skeletons of the reef builder gastropod Dendropoma sp. Spanning the past millennium, the SST reconstruction reveals a 250 year persistent warming trend during which the twentieth century was the warmest on record. Coupled with a distinct trend of 13 C DIC depletion and superimposed upon decreased primary production, this climate reconstruction reflects a new state of the EM over the Anthropocene era that exceeds the natural variability of the last millennium.

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“…While it is relatively well described in current models, the role of episodic events has been long neglected because of the lack Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.orgof observations and their unpredictability (Durrieu de Madron et al, 2011). Along the continental slope, earthquakes may generate landslides that affect deposition and, consequently, the benthic ecosystem (Oguri et al, 2013).…”

Section: Episodic Events and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Marine Sediment Biogeochemistry: Current Knowledge Gaps, Challenges, and Some Methodological Advice for Advancement

et al. 2018

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The benthic environment is a crucial component of marine systems in the provision of ecosystem services, sustaining biodiversity and in climate regulation, and therefore important to human society. With the contemporary increase in computational power, model resolution and technological improvements in quality and quantity of benthic data, it is necessary to ensure that benthic systems are appropriately represented in coupled benthic-pelagic biogeochemical and ecological modelling studies. In this paper we focus on five topical challenges related to various aspects of modelling benthic environments: organic matter reactivity, dynamics of benthic-pelagic boundary layer, microphytobenthos, biological transport and small-scale heterogeneity, and impacts of episodic events. We discuss current gaps in their understanding and indicate plausible ways ahead. Further, we propose a three-pronged approach for the advancement of benthic and benthic-pelagic modelling, essential for improved understanding, management and prediction of the marine environment. This includes: (A) development of a traceable and hierarchical framework for benthic-pelagic models, which will facilitate integration among models, reduce risk of bias, and clarify model limitations; (B) extended cross-disciplinary approach to promote effective collaboration between modelling and empirical scientists of various backgrounds and better involvement of stakeholders and end-users; (C) a common vocabulary for terminology used in benthic modelling, to promote model development and integration, and also to enhance mutual understanding.

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Marine ecosystems’ responses to climatic and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean

Cited by 344 publications

References 612 publications

Dust emission size distribution impact on aerosol budget and radiative forcing over the Mediterranean region: a regional climate model approach

Dust emission size distribution impact on aerosol budget and radiative forcing over the Mediterranean region: a regional climate model approach

Recent unprecedented warming and oligotrophy of the eastern Mediterranean Sea within the last millennium

Modelling Marine Sediment Biogeochemistry: Current Knowledge Gaps, Challenges, and Some Methodological Advice for Advancement

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