Marine-Derived Compounds Applied in Cardiovascular Diseases: Submerged Medicinal Industry

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most impactful illnesses globally. Currently, the available therapeutic option has several side effects, including hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, and alteration in different ion concentrations. Recently, bioactive compounds from natural sources, including plants, microorganisms, and marine creatures, have gained a lot of interest. Marine sources serve as reservoirs for new bioactive metabolites with various pharmacological activities. The marine-derived compound such as omega-3 acid ethyl esters, xyloketal B, asperlin, and saringosterol showed promising results in several CVDs. The present review focuses on marine-derived compounds’ cardioprotective potential for hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. In addition to therapeutic alternatives, the current use of marine-derived components, the future trajectory, and restrictions are also reviewed.

Marine Compounds and Age-Related Diseases: The Path from Pre-Clinical Research to Approved Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes

“…Hence, the discovery of alternative therapies with reduced side effects is desirable, leading to an increasing interest in the efficacy of marine-derived compounds against CVDs. In vitro studies demonstrated hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive, anticoagulant, and antiplatelet effects for many marine molecules, including organic small molecules, lipids, bioactive peptides, and sulfated polysaccharides [15][16][17]. Marine products with anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic, and cardiovascular protective effects in vivo, as well as anti-hypertensive and hypolipidemic activities, will be discussed in this paragraph.…”

“…Only a few molecules among those under pre-clinical studies have undergone clinical investigations for CVD treatment so far [17]. The most explored molecules are fish-derived omega-3 PUFA, i.e., EPA and DHA.…”