Marine-Derived Compounds Applied in Cardiovascular Diseases: Submerged Medicinal Industry

Ageing represents a main risk factor for several pathologies. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are predominant in the elderly population and often require prolonged use of multiple drugs due to their chronic nature and the high proportion of co-morbidities. Hence, research is constantly looking for novel, effective molecules to treat CVD and T2DM with minimal side effects. Marine active compounds, holding a great diversity of chemical structures and biological properties, represent interesting therapeutic candidates to treat these age-related diseases. This review summarizes the current state of research on marine compounds for the treatment of CVD and T2DM, from pre-clinical studies to clinical investigations and approved drugs, highlighting the potential of marine compounds in the development of new therapies, together with the limitations in translating pre-clinical results into human application.

Section: Marine Compounds and Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Only a few molecules among those under pre-clinical studies have undergone clinical investigations for CVD treatment so far [17]. The most explored molecules are fish-derived omega-3 PUFA, i.e., EPA and DHA.…”

Section: Marine Compounds Under Clinical Trial For Cvds Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Compounds and Age-Related Diseases: The Path from Pre-Clinical Research to Approved Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes

Giuliani,

Bigossi,

Lai

et al. 2024

“…Although not an extensive list, several studies in Table 4 indicate that marine PLs may counteract thrombosis and inflammation [18,135]. One study showed that oil extracts from fish such as sea bass, plaice, coley herring, and rainbow and golden trout exhibited antiaggregatory properties against PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro [136].…”

Section: Marine Oil Polar Lipids: Innovations and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Diseases and Marine Oils: A Focus on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Polar Lipids

Caffrey,

Leamy,

O’Sullivan

et al. 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death across the globe, hence, establishing strategies to counteract CVD are imperative to reduce mortality and the burden on health systems. Dietary modification is an effective primary prevention strategy against CVD. Research regarding dietary supplementation has become increasingly popular. This review focuses on the current in vivo, in vitro, and epidemiological studies associated with that of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and polar lipids (PLs) and how they play a role against CVD. Furthermore, this review focuses on the results of several major clinical trials examining n-3 PUFAs regarding both primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Notably, we place a lens on the REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH trials. Finally, supplementation of PLs has recently been suggested as a potential alternative avenue for the reduction of CVD incidence versus neutral forms of n-3 PUFAs. However, the clinical evidence for this argument is currently rather limited. Therefore, we draw on the current literature to suggest future clinical trials for PL supplementation. We conclude that despite conflicting evidence, future human trials must be completed to confirm whether PL supplementation may be more effective than n-3 PUFA supplementation to reduce cardiovascular risk.

“…Many secondary metabolites have a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, or antiviral effects, so they have received extensive attention and application [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. As a result, marine microbial secondary metabolites have become a very promising source of drug candidates [ 8 ]. Mangrove plants mainly grow in tropical and subtropical intertidal zones and are an important part of coastal wetland ecosystems, which are of great significance in terms of their ecological and economic value [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avellanin A Has an Antiproliferative Effect on TP-Induced RWPE-1 Cells via the PI3K-Akt Signalling Pathway

Xu,

Cao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Cyclic pentapeptide compounds have garnered much attention as a drug discovery resource. This study focused on the characterization and anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) properties of avellanin A from Aspergillus fumigatus fungus in marine sediment samples collected in the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi Province in China. The antiproliferative effect and molecular mechanism of avellanin A were explored in testosterone propionate (TP)-induced RWPE-1 cells. The transcriptome results showed that avellanin A significantly blocked the ECM–receptor interaction and suppressed the downstream PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Molecular docking revealed that avellanin A has a good affinity for the cathepsin L protein, which is involved in the terminal degradation of extracellular matrix components. Subsequently, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of the genes COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2, COL6A3, MMP2, MMP9, ITGA2, and ITGB3 was significantly downregulated after avellanin A intervention. The Western blot results also confirmed that it not only reduced ITGB3 and FAK/p-FAK protein expression but also inhibited PI3K/p-PI3K and Akt/p-Akt protein expression in the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Furthermore, avellanin A downregulated Cyclin D1 protein expression and upregulated Bax, p21WAF1/Cip1, and p53 proapoptotic protein expression in TP-induced RWPE-1 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation. The results of this study support the use of avellanin A as a potential new drug for the treatment of BPH.