Marine cyanophages and light

Clokie, Martha R. J.; Mann, Nicholas H.

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01171.x

Cited by 106 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Additionally, it has been verified for cyanophages S-PM2, AS-1 and AS-1M that phage adsorption is light dependent (Sherman, 1976;Jia and Mann, 2005;Kao et al, 2005). It has been hypothesized that a wave of phage adsorption following dawn could lead to a release of progeny phage later in the day (Clokie and Mann, 2006). However, because of the long latent period of cyanophage it is likely the pattern observed in these experiments was the completion of a lytic infection begun the previous day (Clokie et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of lysogeny (prophage induction) in heterotrophic bacterial and Synechococcus populations in the Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi river plume

et al. 2007

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Lysogeny has been documented as a fundamental process occurring in natural marine communities of heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria. Prophage induction has been observed to be prevalent during conditions of low host abundance, but factors controlling the process are poorly understood. A research cruise was undertaken to the Gulf of Mexico during July 2005 to explore environmental factors associated with lysogeny. Ambient physical and microbial parameters were measured and prophage induction experiments were performed in contrasting oligotrophic Gulf and eutrophic Mississippi plume areas. Three of 11 prophage induction experiments in heterotrophic bacteria (27%) demonstrated significant induction in response to Mitomycin C. In contrast, there was significant Synechococcus cyanophage induction in seven of nine experiments (77.8%). A strong negative correlation was observed between lysogeny and log-transformed activity measurements for both heterotrophic and autotrophic populations (r ¼ À0.876, P ¼ 0.002 and r ¼ À0.815, P ¼ 0.025, respectively), indicating that bacterioplankton with low host growth favor lysogeny. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that ambient level of viral abundance and productivity were inversely related to heterotrophic prophage induction and both factors combined were most predictive of lysogeny (q ¼ 0.899, P ¼ 0.001). For Synechococcus, low ambient cyanophage abundance was most predictive of lysogeny (q ¼ 0.862, P ¼ 0.005). Abundance and productivity of heterotrophic bacteria was strongly inversely correlated with salinity, while Synechococcus was not. This indicated that heterotrophic bacterial populations were well adapted to the river plume environments, thus providing a possible explanation for differences in prevalence of lysogeny observed between the two populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of lysogeny (prophage induction) in heterotrophic bacterial and Synechococcus populations in the Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi river plume

et al. 2007

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“…Notably, whereas the level of expression of the host photosynthetic genes declined over the course of infection, the level of transcription of the viral counterparts steadily increased (164). psbA and psbD are not the only photosynthesis-related genes in cyanophage genomes: proteins which may potentially influence everything from adaptation to light stress, light harvesting, photosystem stability, and photosynthetic electron transport are sporadically encoded by different cyanophages (52,53). Other noncore genes of cyanophages include those associated with carbon, phosphate, and nitrogen metabolism; the phosphate stress response; nucleotide metabolism; vitamin B 12 and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (53,264,265,287); and, as recently revealed through metagenomic data mining, antioxidation, the assembly of Fe-S clusters, and translation (249).…”

Section: Fig 1 Viruses Of the Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Krupovìč

Prangishvili

Hendrix

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

216

176

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SUMMARY Prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea, are the most abundant cellular organisms among those sharing the planet Earth with human beings (among others). However, numerous ecological studies have revealed that it is actually prokaryotic viruses that predominate on our planet and outnumber their hosts by at least an order of magnitude. An understanding of how this viral domain is organized and what are the mechanisms governing its evolution is therefore of great interest and importance. The vast majority of characterized prokaryotic viruses belong to the order Caudovirales, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages with tails. Consequently, these viruses have been studied (and reviewed) extensively from both genomic and functional perspectives. However, albeit numerous, tailed phages represent only a minor fraction of the prokaryotic virus diversity. Therefore, the knowledge which has been generated for this viral system does not offer a comprehensive view of the prokaryotic virosphere. In this review, we discuss all families of bacterial and archaeal viruses that contain more than one characterized member and for which evolutionary conclusions can be attempted by use of comparative genomic analysis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms of their genome evolution as well as on the relationships between different viral groups and plasmids. It becomes clear that evolutionary mechanisms shaping the genomes of prokaryotic viruses vary between different families and depend on the type of the nucleic acid, characteristics of the virion structure, as well as the mode of the life cycle. We also point out that horizontal gene transfer is not equally prevalent in different virus families and is not uniformly unrestricted for diverse viral functions.

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“…When cyanobacteria are subjected to nitrate starvation, their pool of ppGpp increases and amino acid levels drop (Friga et al, 1981), but this process can be impeded by phage infection (Borbély et al, 1980). Thus, if functional, a phage MazG protein may help maintain the metabolism of a starving host (Clokie and Mann, 2006;Bryan et al, 2008) long enough for the phage to propagate. Of the 12 phage proteins in this domain family, 6 are marine (Figure 2c): Phage H105/1, Roseobacter phage SIO1 and Cyanophages P-SSM2, P-SSM4, S-PM2 and Syn9, suggesting a unique marine signature to this protein family not seen in any other Phage H105/1 protein, and implicating an important role for MazG in marine phage systems.…”

Section: Genome Features and Annotationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecogenomics and genome landscapes of marine Pseudoalteromonas phage H105/1

et al. 2010

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Marine phages have an astounding global abundance and ecological impact. However, little knowledge is derived from phage genomes, as most of the open reading frames in their small genomes are unknown, novel proteins. To infer potential functional and ecological relevance of sequenced marine Pseudoalteromonas phage H105/1, two strategies were used. First, similarity searches were extended to include six viral and bacterial metagenomes paired with their respective environmental contextual data. This approach revealed 'ecogenomic' patterns of Pseudoalteromonas phage H105/1, such as its estuarine origin. Second, intrinsic genome signatures (phylogenetic, codon adaptation and tetranucleotide (tetra) frequencies) were evaluated on a resolved intragenomic level to shed light on the evolution of phage functional modules. On the basis of differential codon adaptation of Phage H105/1 proteins to the sequenced Pseudoalteromonas spp., regions of the phage genome with the most 'host'-adapted proteins also have the strongest bacterial tetra signature, whereas the least 'host'-adapted proteins have the strongest phage tetra signature. Such a pattern may reflect the evolutionary history of the respective phage proteins and functional modules. Finally, analysis of the structural proteome identified seven proteins that make up the mature virion, four of which were previously unknown. This integrated approach combines both novel and classical strategies and serves as a model to elucidate ecological inferences and evolutionary relationships from phage genomes that typically abound with unknown gene content.

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Marine cyanophages and light

Cited by 106 publications

References 78 publications

Comparison of lysogeny (prophage induction) in heterotrophic bacterial and Synechococcus populations in the Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi river plume

Comparison of lysogeny (prophage induction) in heterotrophic bacterial and Synechococcus populations in the Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi river plume

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Ecogenomics and genome landscapes of marine Pseudoalteromonas phage H105/1

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