Marine Conditioning Films

Loeb, George I.; Neihof, R A

doi:10.1021/ba-1975-0145.ch016

Cited by 198 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…The data and images shown in Fig. 3 are probably characteristic of the conditioning film composed of organic polymers and colloids that forms on surfaces immediately upon exposure to seawater (24)(25)(26). A liquid cell to prevent dehydration of the surface areas was used during AFM measurements; therefore, we are reasonably confident that these results accurately reflect the in situ conditions of development of the initial conditioning film on these surfaces.…”

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confidence: 79%

“…These applied approaches are based on the following conception of aquatic biofilm formation: an initial, preconditioning phase, lasting from a few seconds to several hours, changes the chemical and physical characteristics of the surface (23)(24)(25). Dissolved organic polymers and colloids present in the overlying water immediately begin to adhere to the surface, forming a thin (<300-nm) "conditioning film" composed of large variety of adsorbed molecules: polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and humic and nucleic acids (25,26).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Revised paradigm of aquatic biofilm formation facilitated by microgel transparent exopolymer particles

Bar‐Zeev

Berman‐Frank²,

Girshevitz³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

159

129

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Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) are planktonic, organic microgels that are ubiquitous in aqueous environments. Increasing evidence indicates that TEPs play an active role in the process of aquatic biofilm formation. Frequently, TEPs are intensely colonized by bacteria and other microorganisms, thus serving as hot spots of intense microbial activity. We introduce the term "protobiofilm" to refer to TEPs with extensive microbial outgrowth and colonization. Such particles display most of the characteristics of developing biofilm, with the exception of being attached to a surface. In this study, coastal seawater was passed through custom-designed flow cells that enabled direct observation of TEPs and protobiofilm in the feedwater stream by bright-field and epifluorescence microscopy. Additionally, we could follow biofilm development on immersed surfaces inside the flow cells. Within minutes, we observed TEP and protobiofilm patches adhering to these surfaces. By 30 min, confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed numerous patches of Con A and SYTO 9 staining structures covering the surfaces. Atomic force microscopy showed details of a thin, highly sticky, organic conditioning layer between these patches. Bright-field and epifluorescence microscopy and CLSM showed that biofilm development (observed until 24 h) was profoundly inhibited in flow cells with seawater prefiltered to remove most large TEPs and protobiofilm. We propose a revised paradigm for aquatic biofilm development that emphasizes the critical role of microgel particles such as TEPs and protobiofilm in facilitating this process. Recognition of the role of planktonic microgels in aquatic biofilm formation can have applied importance for the water industry.

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confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised paradigm of aquatic biofilm formation facilitated by microgel transparent exopolymer particles

Bar‐Zeev

Berman‐Frank²,

Girshevitz³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

159

129

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“…Woodin (1986) reported that macrofauna larvae may show opposite reactions to one environmental factor under laboratory and field conditions. Once a material is exposed to the sea, its surface tension is modified by adsorption of macromolecules and early colonisers (Baler et al, 1968;Loeb & Neihof, 1975;Goupil et al, 1980). Although late colonisers may not meet the initial substratum surface tension, it may exert an indirect effect on these colonisers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of initial substratum surface tension on marine micro- and macro-fouling in the Gulf of Thailand

Becker

Siriratanachai

Hormchong

1998

Helgoländer Meeresunters.

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The density of five major groups at fouling organisms Ibacteria, diatoms, choanotlagellates, ciliates, macroorganisms) on seven artilicial substrata with surface tensions between 19.0 and 64.5 mN m ' was studied in the Gulf at Thailand. Two series of test panels r the different substrata were immersed into the sea between 3 hours and 64 days (macrotauna 128 days). The results show that surface tension has ,t limited impact on the density of the organisms. Only bacteria settled conlinuously in signilicantly lower numbers on materials within the minimum bioadheslw2 range (20-25 mN m ') than on other substrata. Signifi(:dn[ differences between the substrata may disappear after long exposure, as in series 2 after 16days For diatoms and protozoa, a colonisation pattern similar to thdt of bacteria with a minimum ol 20-25 mN m : was detected alter severdl exposure intervals, l.lowever, it was never recor(ted m more than 3 exl)osure intervals in a row. The colonisation pattern of macroorganisms could not be attributed Io substratum surface tension. An index, called "colonisation degree" is introduced to give a gene.~ral impression at the density of organisms on the materials tested. The colonisation degree did not show any signilicant difference at any exposure interval. The present results clearly suggest that substratum surface tension is easily overshadowed by other factors in colonisation processes under natural conditions.

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“…These are organic polymers from the medium that coat submerged surfaces thus affecting the rate and extent of microbial attachment. Conditioning films are formed within minutes of exposure, and continue to grow for several hours (Loeb and Neihof, 1975). Mittelman (1996) noted that a number of hostproduced conditioning films such as blood, tears, urine, saliva, intravascular fluid and respiratory secretions influence the attachment of bacteria to biomaterials.…”

Section: Properties Of Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on biofilm formation and its control options

2017

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci

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The generalized idea that bacteria have a unicellular way of life is not entirely accurate, given that pure planktonic growth is uncommon. Biofilms are defined as an organized group of microorganisms living within a self-produced matrix of polymeric substances which gets attached to several surfaces. This review was done with the objective to give an overview on the mechanism of biofilm formation and highlight its veterinary and public health implications and control options. The formation of a biofilm occurs in five stages, stage of cell attachment, stage securely affixing of cells, stage of micro-colonies formation and beginning to mature, Stage of more maturation, and stage of dispersal of cells from the biofilm. Factors controlling cell attachment include nature of surface, properties of medium and properties of the microbial cell surface. Formation of a biofilm is dependent on the interaction between the environmental stimuli and the reciprocation of the corresponding signalling events by the microorganisms. Biofilms are composed primarily of microbial cells and EPS. The importance of biofilm in disease processes in humans and animals is now widely recognized. In animal species, the risk of infection is probably greater than the risk in humans. In human infections associated with biofilm formation were medical device-related infections including Pacemakers, electrical dialysers, joint prosthetics, intravenous catheters, urinary catheter. As food is identified to be a very efficient vehicle for bringing a large number of people into contact with a potential hazard, food processing equipments can be persistent source of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria if microorganisms form biofilm on them. Ideally, preventing biofilm formation would be a more logical option than treating it. The main strategy to prevent biofilm formation is to clean and disinfect regularly before bacteria attach firmly to surfaces. This process can remove 90% or more of microorganisms associated with the surface. Biofilm detectors, acid shock treatment and recently using bacteriophages have been tried. The prevention and control of biofilm formation is somewhat difficult but prevention is the ideal approach even if there are control methods too. The development of better control and prevention methods with better effect need to be given special emphasis.

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Marine Conditioning Films

Cited by 198 publications

References 0 publications

Revised paradigm of aquatic biofilm formation facilitated by microgel transparent exopolymer particles

Revised paradigm of aquatic biofilm formation facilitated by microgel transparent exopolymer particles

Influence of initial substratum surface tension on marine micro- and macro-fouling in the Gulf of Thailand

Review on biofilm formation and its control options

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