Marine Biosecurity Crisis Decision-Making: Two Tools to Aid “Go”/“No Go” Decision-Making

Campbell, Marnie L.; Leonard, Kaeden; Primo, Carmen; Hewitt, Chad L.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00331

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Nonetheless, the ISA has been 'operating in a data-deficient environment, particularly as regards resource data and environmental data' for some time 3 . While data submission by contractors may have improved 4 , '[t]here remain, however, ongoing questions about whether enough was being done for the baseline studies, across a range of environmental aspects' 5 . A lack of transparency around data submission, and DSM governance more generally, is compounding the problem (Ardron, 2018;Ardron, 2020;Amon et al, 2022).…”

Section: Author Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western convention, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), uses defined baselines, such as the high-water mark as the upper boundary of territorial waters and the EEZ. As such, this has to be recalibrated at regular intervals to allow for sea-level change and anthropogenic structures that may extend the agreed land area of a state (Zacharias and Ardron, 2020) 5 . Notably, some of those jurisdictions were originally related to the defence of a state, for example, the area controlled by cannon-fire from the land.…”

Section: Past and Present Sea Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topics are provided in Table 2. 5 The relevance and urgency of these two improvement areas cannot be compared with the relevance-urgency scoring results of the other topics due to the differences in the sampling size. The two newly identified improvement areas were scored only by the 27 respondents who identified them as a priority, in contrast to the 152 respondents who scored the initially identified 16 improvement areas.…”

Section: Development Of a Priority National Research Agenda To Improv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary marine science, its utility and influence on regulation and government policy

2024

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers journal seriesThe Frontiers journal series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of openaccess, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers journal series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to qualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation. What are Frontiers Research Topics?Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers journals series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area.

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Section: Author Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Past and Present Sea Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of a Priority National Research Agenda To Improv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary marine science, its utility and influence on regulation and government policy

2024

Frontiers Research Topics

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“…In other words, we have obligations to gather evidence which we know bears on policy responses, in proportion to the significance of the problem. In the case of marine biosecurity responses this may impose requirement for baseline knowledge to inform rapid response (Chapman and Carlton, 1991;Chapman and Carlton, 1994;Ojaveer et al, 2015;Campbell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Standards Of Epistemic Due Care and Epistemic Obligationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epistemology of ignorance: the contribution of philosophy to the science-policy interface of marine biosecurity

Schwenkenbecher,

Hewitt,

Heesen

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Marine ecosystems are under increasing pressure from human activity, yet successful management relies on knowledge. The evidence-based policy (EBP) approach has been promoted on the grounds that it provides greater transparency and consistency by relying on ‘high quality’ information. However, EBP also creates epistemic responsibilities. Decision-making where limited or no empirical evidence exists, such as is often the case in marine systems, creates epistemic obligations for new information acquisition. We argue that philosophical approaches can inform the science-policy interface. Using marine biosecurity examples, we specifically examine the epistemic challenges in the acquisition and acceptance of evidence to inform policy, discussing epistemic due care and biases in consideration of evidence.

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“…Participants have noted that large private pharmaceutical companies extract and exploit natural resources not for scientific research aimed at the benefit of mankind, but for commercial purposes and profits. Thus, marine biosecurity can be distinguished from other types of security and safety because its purpose is to preserve basic biodiversity on our planet (Campbell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International legal issues on biosafety: general overview

Gulyaeva

2022

jour

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Objective: The legal concept and content of biosafety is discussed in the context of International Law. Biosafety issues are enumerated as part of a definition of concrete aspects related to responsibility of the states for using biological weapons. The latest trends in international law on ensuring the international biosafety are analysed. Legal issues concerning the definition of a just war are discussed in terms of international humanitarian law, the issues of fundamental principles in current international law (the principle of necessity governing the use of force, the right of states to self-defence in case of a bioattack, the principle of the peaceful settlement of international disputes, the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of states, arms control, and responsibility). The article presents an overview of new types of sovereignty such as biosovereignty, cyber sovereignty, and genomic sovereignty of states, along with the legal concept of international biocrime (genomocide), as well as classifications of bioterrorism, bioaggression, biopolitics and bioeconomics. Under current conditions, the importance of facilitating a broad interpretation of the concept of biosafety is emphasized.Methodology: The research uses general scientific and special cognitive techniques wherein legal analysis and synthesis, systemic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and dialectical methods are applied.Results: Despite the prohibition of biological weapons, urgent issues, such as establishing an international control mechanism for monitoring the non-proliferation of biological weapons, remain. Moreover, the Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), which entered into force in 1975, is yet to be fully adopted and / or ratified by all member states. Identifying certain types of biomedical research that should be banned according to generally accepted principles, the study concludes that the problem of banning these research activities has yet to be solved by some states. The concept of biosafety is interpreted broadly in terms of issues arising in relevant industrial processes. Biosecurity and biosafety are directly related to ensuring environmental security, marine security, food security and the security of outer space. Principles governing effective legal regulation for ensuring environmental, biological, and food safety are presented.

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Marine Biosecurity Crisis Decision-Making: Two Tools to Aid “Go”/“No Go” Decision-Making

Cited by 8 publications

References 63 publications

Contemporary marine science, its utility and influence on regulation and government policy

Contemporary marine science, its utility and influence on regulation and government policy

Epistemology of ignorance: the contribution of philosophy to the science-policy interface of marine biosecurity

International legal issues on biosafety: general overview

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