Marine biology of the pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus

Clemens, Benjamin J.; Weitkamp, Laurie A.; Siwicke, Kevin A.; Wade, Joy; Harris, Julianne E.; Hess, Jon E.; Porter, Laurie L.; Parker, Keith A.; Sutton, Trent M.; Орлов, А. М.

doi:10.1007/s11160-019-09578-8

Cited by 41 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Pacific Lamprey have declined in distribution throughout their native range from Mexico to Japan (Clemens et al, 2017;Close, Fitzpatrick, & Li, 2002;Wang & Schaller, 2015). Pacific Lamprey migrate to the Pacific Ocean as juveniles and return to freshwater as adults to spawn and die (Clemens et al, 2019;Clemens, Binder, Docker, Moser, & Sower, 2010). They are important to Native American tribes for spiritual, subsistence, and medicinal purposes and are ecologically valuable in freshwater and marine ecosystems, especially as prey (Clemens et al, 2017(Clemens et al, , 2019Petersen-Lewis, 2009).…”

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“…Pacific Lamprey migrate to the Pacific Ocean as juveniles and return to freshwater as adults to spawn and die (Clemens et al, 2019;Clemens, Binder, Docker, Moser, & Sower, 2010). They are important to Native American tribes for spiritual, subsistence, and medicinal purposes and are ecologically valuable in freshwater and marine ecosystems, especially as prey (Clemens et al, 2017(Clemens et al, , 2019Petersen-Lewis, 2009). The species is of conservation concern in the USA (Wang & Schaller, 2015) and is one of four lampreys listed as a sensitive species in Oregon (ODFW, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of dewatering on behavior, distribution, and abundance of larval lampreys

Harris

Skalicky

Liedtke

et al. 2020

River Research & Apps

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Anthropogenic dewatering of aquatic habitats can cause stranding and mortality of burrowed larval lampreys; however, the effects of dewatering have not been quantified. We assessed: (a) changes in spatial distribution, abundance, and emergence of larvae dewatered at Leaburg Reservoir (OR); (b) emergence and mortality of larvae dewatered in a laboratory; and (c) bias, precision, and interpretation of field results by simulation and modeling of laboratory results. In the field, we examined the distribution, abundance (by N-mixture model), and density of larvae by electrofishing at randomly selected sites before dewatering and after refill, and assessed the emergence rate by observation and excavation during dewatering. Due to dewatering in the field, about 42% of larvae emerged and spatial distribution changed toward sites dewatered less than 20 hours. Estimated average density decreased from 10.8 larvae/m 2 before dewatering to 2.3 larvae/m 2 after refilling, suggesting that abundance declined by 79%; simulation suggested this decline ranged 71-84% (interquartile range). In the laboratory, we examined the emergence and mortality rates of larvae dewatered 0-48 hrs. The emergence rate in the laboratory was similar to that in the field. Mortality rate increased with hours dewatered and was higher for emerged than burrowed larvae. Laboratory estimates of mortality rate predicted a 61% decline in abundance if only burrowed larvae survived and a 54% decline if both burrowed and emerged larvae survived. Abundance declines in the field could be from mortality (e.g., desiccation, predation) and relocation to watered habitat. Our results indicate dewatering can substantially affect spatial distribution and abundance of larval lampreys in freshwater ecosystems.

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Effects of dewatering on behavior, distribution, and abundance of larval lampreys

Harris

Skalicky

Liedtke

et al. 2020

River Research & Apps

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“…Very little is known about the oceanic distribution and behavior of Pacific Lampreys (Clemens et al. ). However, the presence of Pacific Lampreys offshore from unoccupied drainages in southern California and sufficiently close to respond to short‐term flow events suggests that they use oceanic habitat outside the latitudinal range of their occupied freshwater distribution for feeding.…”

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Natural Recolonization by Pacific Lampreys in a Southern California Coastal Drainage: Implications for Their Biology and Conservation

Reid

Goodman

2020

N American J Fish Manag

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The historical range of anadromous Pacific LampreyEntosphenus tridentatus includes coastal drainages from Alaska south to northern Baja California. However, there has been a widespread loss of distribution inland due to the construction of dams that form impassable barriers as well as a loss of Pacific Lampreys from some historically occupied drainages in the south. These losses have prompted the consideration of suitable approaches to reestablishing Pacific Lamprey populations through either active intervention or natural processes. While Pacific Lampreys apparently do not home to natal streams, they are thought to use cues that are related to such factors as flow patterns or the presence of ammocoete (larval lamprey) pheromones in offshore river plumes to identify suitable rivers for spawning and rearing. In this report, we present documentation of natural recolonization of the San Luis Obispo drainage by Pacific Lampreys on the central California coast, located 130 km south of the nearest freshwater population of Pacific Lampreys and with no existing ammocoete population. We also review recent observations of adult Pacific Lampreys in other southern rivers, recolonization of the Carmel River following dam removal, and indications that Pacific Lampreys are still using oceanic habitat off southern California. The results of our investigation demonstrate that Pacific Lampreys are fully capable of returning to an isolated drainage from which they have been extirpated and then rapidly reestablishing a viable population of ammocoetes, contradicting the hypothesis that they are dependent on existing ammocoete pheromones or adult sex pheromones to attract adults. These results indicate the importance of proactive management for Pacific Lampreys in drainages within their historical range, even if they are not currently present. The results also demonstrate that recolonization does not necessarily require active reintroduction efforts. Rather, conservation efforts should focus on identifying factors that may have led to the loss of Pacific Lamprey and removing potential impediments in order to facilitate natural recolonization.

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“…For Pacific Lamprey, this life stage lasts 3-8 years (Dawson, Quintella, Almeida, Treble, & Jolley, 2015) until they metamorphose into juveniles (McGree, 2005). Afterwards, juvenile Pacific Lamprey begin their downstream migration towards tidal waters and the ocean (Beamish, 1980;Close et al, 2002), and parasitic feeding commences whereby they feed on other fishes' blood and body fluids (Clemens et al, 2019). By contrast, Western Brook Lamprey metamorphose directly from a larva to an adult and spawn several months later (Pletcher, 1963).…”

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An experimental study to evaluate predation threats on two native larval lampreys in the Columbia River Basin, USA

Arakawa

Lampman

2020

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Experimental predation studies were conducted to evaluate and compare the predation threats of 10 species of native and non‐native fishes on larvae of Pacific Lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, and Western Brook Lamprey, Lampetra richardsoni. The relative predatory threats were examined over four sets of binary factors, including the following: (a) short (2‐day) or long (7‐day) duration, (b) presence/absence of fine sediment, (c) live or dead larvae and (d) species of lampreys. Our short‐term results showed a positive correlation with the sizes of predator fishes and consumed lamprey larvae. Also, most predator fishes had a significantly higher propensity to prey on lamprey larvae when sediment was absent. Conversely, this demonstrated the importance of sediment in protecting lamprey larvae from predation. Based on the predatory behaviour for live and dead larvae, predator fishes were classified into four groups using principal component analysis. Predation rates of larvae in sediment by piscivorous predators including Northern Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis and Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu were lower and showed no differences even when the study duration was extended. In contrast, predation rates by benthic predators including White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus and Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, increased when we extended the study duration. This suggests that when given longer duration, benthic predators are more adept at consuming larvae within the sediment. These results provide important context for assessing the potential threat of predation on lampreys in streams, which is a key knowledge gap for lampreys.

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Marine biology of the pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus

Cited by 41 publications

References 101 publications

Effects of dewatering on behavior, distribution, and abundance of larval lampreys

Effects of dewatering on behavior, distribution, and abundance of larval lampreys

Natural Recolonization by Pacific Lampreys in a Southern California Coastal Drainage: Implications for Their Biology and Conservation

An experimental study to evaluate predation threats on two native larval lampreys in the Columbia River Basin, USA

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