Marine Bioactive Phytoconstituents in Autoimmune Disorders: Role and Mechanism - A Review

Abstract

The significance of autoimmune disorders (ADs) is underscored by their chronic nature, high maintenance costs, and complexity affecting numerous organs and tissues. A more comprehensive approach to treating ADs is required across patient populations. A revolutionary area for obtaining an integrated therapeutic option is natural phytoconstituents. Diverse biomolecules with promising properties can be found in abundance in the marine environment. Many substances have been identified from sponges, bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, and algae that have been shown to have immunomodulatory activities and may be used as possible treatments for ADs. Marine-derived bioactive substances have been demonstrated to affect immunological responses and to be essential in immunotherapies. The amount of information about the specific effects of substances obtained from marine sources utilized as dietary supplements or for treating immune-related diseases is growing. This paper discusses many sources of potential marine metabolic chemicals, such as maritime flora and fauna. Numerous marine phytoconstituents have recently been isolated, described, and identified, and they are currently undergoing human usage studies. We have attempted to consolidate information concerning phytoconstituents from marine sources with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in this review, and we have briefly explored their methods of action. In order to provide a baseline of knowledge for promoting marine flora-based phytoconstituents in the current context of increasing ADs incidence, deprived of the more affordable, safe, and effective medications to combat the terrible human disease, this paper reviews the works thus far conducted on this aspect.