Marine Based Natural Products: Exploring the Recent Developments in the Identification of Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract

The marine ecosystem is the less explored, biologically diverse, and vastest resource to discover novel antimicrobial agents. In recent decades' antimicrobial drugs are losing their effectiveness due to the growing resistance among pathogens, which causes diseases to have considerable death rates across the globe. Therefore, there is a need for the discovery of new antibacterials that can reach the market. There is a gradual growth of compounds from marine sources which are entering the clinical trials. Thus, the prominence of marine natural products in the field of drug design and discovery across the academia and pharmaceutical industry is gaining attention. Herein, the present review covers nearly 200 marine based antimicrobial agents of 11 structural classes discovered from the year 2010 to 2022. All the discussed compounds have exhibited medium to high antimicrobial activity in inhibiting various microorganisms.

β-Lactams from the Ocean

“…Moreover, as is seen with respect to the antimicrobial evaluation of terrestrial secondary metabolites, the antimicrobial evaluation of marine secondary metabolites likewise identifies innumerable structures possessing modest to good antibacterial activity [ 34 ]. Inventories of these structures are published regularly [ 15 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Within these inventories are found structures that are truly distinctive, often in the multiple aspects of their biosynthesis, ring construction, and biological activity.…”

Investigating the Biodiversity of Clathria sp. Sponge Symbionts from Derawan Island, Indonesia: An Exploration of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Enzyme-Producing Bacteria

“…While terrestrial realms have traditionally been the focal point in our search for antimicrobial substances, the vast and largely unexplored marine biodiversity presents a compelling frontier (León-Palmero et al, 2018; Stincone & Brandelli, 2020; Srinivasan et al, 2021;Guo et al, 2022;Krishna M. S. et al, 2022). Within this marine expanse, sponges, especially those native to Indonesia, emerge as treasure troves of potent bioactive molecules (Izzati et al, 2021).…”

Research Progress of Natural Products and Their Derivatives in Marine Antifouling

“…Marine organisms, such as corals, sharks and marine plants, can prevent their body surfaces from AF substances without causing serious environmental problems [ 13 , 14 ]. On this basis, scientific and technological workers have conducted a series of related studies on marine microorganisms [ 15 ], marine invertebrates [ 16 ] and aquatic plants [ 17 ] as well as terrestrial plants such as pepper [ 18 , 19 ], Stellera chamaejasme [ 20 ] and coffee [ 21 ]. Various natural agents with good AF properties have been extracted from these organisms.…”