Marijuana Use and Depressive Symptoms; Gender Differences in African American Adolescents

Assari, Shervin; Mistry, Ritesh; Caldwell, Cleopatra Howard; Zimmerman, Marc A.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02135

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Participants were asked about the frequency of their marijuana use over the past 30 days at all waves (52). This measure was used between 2000 and 2012.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Racial Discrimination and Marijuana Use a Decade Later; Gender Differences Among Black Youth

et al. 2019

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Background: Researchers have reported gender differences in the association between perceived racial discrimination (PRD) and substance use including marijuana use (MU). A limited number of longitudinal studies, however, have documented the long-term effect of PRD during adolescence on subsequent MU in young adulthood. Objective: In the current longitudinal study, we tested gender differences in the association between baseline PRD during adolescence and subsequent MU during young adulthood within Black population. Methods: A cohort of 595 Black (278 male and 317 female) ninth grade students were followed for 13 years from 1999 (mean age 20) to 2012 (mean age 33). Participants were selected from an economically disadvantaged urban area in the Midwest, United States. The independent variable was PRD measured in 1999. The outcome was average MU between 2000 and 2012 (based on eight measurements). Covariates included age, socio-demographics (family structure, and parental employment), and substance use by friends and parents. Gender was the focal moderator. Linear regression was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the pooled sample, PRD in 1999 was not associated with average MU between 2000 and 2012. We did, however, find an interaction effect between baseline PRD and gender on average MU, suggesting stronger association for males than females. In gender-specific models, baseline PRD predicted average MU between 2000 and 2012 for males, but not for females. Conclusion: Exposure to PRD during late adolescence may have a larger role on MU of male than female Black young adults. Although we found that males are more vulnerable to the effects of PRD on MU, PRD should be prevented regardless of race, gender, and other social identities. While PRD is pervasive among Black Americans, exposure to PRD increase the risk of MU for Black males. Hence, substance use prevention efforts for Black males, in particular, should emphasize coping with PRD.

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“…Participants were asked about the frequency of their marijuana use over the past 30 days at all waves (52). This measure was used between 2000 and 2012.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Racial Discrimination and Marijuana Use a Decade Later; Gender Differences Among Black Youth

et al. 2019

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“…[17][18][19] Some evidence suggests that MDRs also apply to tobacco use, meaning that high SES Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to use tobacco and alcohol, compared to high SES Whites. [23][24][25][26] We are, however, not aware of any previous studies on MDRs on second-hand smoke exposure. We conducted this study to test whether race and ethnicity interact with educational attainment on workplace second-hand smoke exposure in American adults who were employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Unequal Effects of Educational Attainment on Workplace Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke by Race and Ethnicity; Minorities’ Diminished Returns in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Assari

Bazargan

2019

J Med Res Innov

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Background: One of the mechanisms by which high educational attainment promotes populations’ health is through reducing exposure to environmental risk factors such as second-hand smoke. Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory, however, posits that the protective effect of educational attainment may be smaller for racial and ethnic minority individuals particularly Blacks and Hispanics compared to Whites. Aims: To explore racial and ethnic differences in the association between educational attainment and second-hand smoke exposure at work in a national sample of American adults. Methods: Data came from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS 2015), a cross-sectional study that included 15,726 employed adults. The independent variable was educational attainment, the dependent variables were any and daily second-hand smoke exposure at workplace, age and gender were covariates, and race and ethnicity were the moderators. Results: Overall, higher educational attainment was associated with lower odds of any and daily second-hand smoke exposure at work. Race and ethnicity both interacted with educational attainment suggesting that the protective effects of educational attainment on reducing the odds of any and daily second-hand smoke exposure at work are systemically smaller for Blacks and Hispanics than Whites. Conclusions: In the United States, race and ethnicity bound the health gains that follow educational attainment. While educational attainment helps individuals avoid environmental risk factors such as second-hand smoke, this is more valid for Whites than Blacks and Hispanics. The result is additional risk of cancer and tobacco related disease in highly educated Blacks and Hispanics. The results are important given racial and ethnic minorities are the largest growing section of the US population. We should not assume that educational attainment is similarly protective across all racial and ethnic groups. In this context, educational attainment may increase, rather than reduce, health disparities.

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“…In longitudinal studies, gender differences in the relationship between adolescent cannabis use and anxiety/depressive symptoms have shown an opposite trend to those reported by cross-sectional studies discussed above. In a large adolescent sample balanced for gender, baseline cannabis use at age 16 predicted increases in depressive symptoms in over three years among male, but not, female African American adolescents (Assari et al, 2018 ). Another study found an association between escalating cannabis use and decreased connectivity between nucleus accumbens and medial PFC that predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms (Lichenstein et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Substance Use and the Brain: Behavioral, Cognitive and Neuroimaging Correlates

Hamidullah

Thorpe

Frie

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Adolescence is an important ontogenetic period that is characterized by behaviors such as enhanced novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and reward preference, which can give rise to an increased risk for substance use. While substance use rates in adolescence are generally on a decline, the current rates combined with emerging trends, such as increases in e-cigarette use, remain a significant public health concern. In this review, we focus on the neurobiological divergences associated with adolescent substance use, derived from a cross-sectional, retrospective, and longitudinal studies, and highlight how the use of these substances during adolescence may relate to behavioral and neuroimaging-based outcomes. Identifying and understanding the associations between adolescent substance use and changes in cognition, mental health, and future substance use risk may assist our understanding of the consequences of drug exposure during this critical window.

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Marijuana Use and Depressive Symptoms; Gender Differences in African American Adolescents

Cited by 33 publications

References 141 publications

Perceived Racial Discrimination and Marijuana Use a Decade Later; Gender Differences Among Black Youth

Perceived Racial Discrimination and Marijuana Use a Decade Later; Gender Differences Among Black Youth

Unequal Effects of Educational Attainment on Workplace Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke by Race and Ethnicity; Minorities’ Diminished Returns in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Adolescent Substance Use and the Brain: Behavioral, Cognitive and Neuroimaging Correlates

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