Marijuana medusa: The many pulmonary faces of marijuana inhalation in adolescent males

McGraw, Matthew D.; Houser, Grace H.; Galambos, Csaba; Wartchow, Eric P.; Stillwell, Paul C.; Weinman, Jason P.

doi:10.1002/ppul.24171

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This study's findings coincide with changes in the commercial tobacco and marijuana markets of the time period, where some terminology and products became synonymous and identical between nicotine‐delivery practices and those of marijuana [43, 44]. For example, “vaping” now regularly also refers to exclusive marijuana delivery, and new terms such as “JUULing” relate to the device used, regardless of the device's ingredients [43, 45]. Our findings suggest that the popularity of nicotine e‐cigarettes may be expanding the avenues for marijuana delivery among young adults, particularly because the modalities of marijuana delivery continue to diversify.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use in tobacco products among young adult Texas college students from 2015 to 2019

et al. 2022

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Aims To measure longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use in four tobacco/nicotine products (hand‐rolled cigarettes/spliffs, cigars/blunts, hookah, and e‐cigarettes) among young adult Texas college students from 2015 to 2019. Design This study used six consecutive waves of data from the marketing and promotions across colleges in Texas project (Project M‐PACT), a longitudinal study of the tobacco behaviors of young adult college students. The first four waves were collected every 6 months (fall 2015‐spring 2017), and the final two waves were conducted yearly (spring 2018 and 2019). Growth curve models measured trajectories of marijuana use in tobacco products across the 3.5‐year period. Setting and Participants A total of 4857 young adults from 24 colleges in the largest metropolitan areas of Texas, United States (Austin, Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio): mean age = 21.0, SD = 2.3; 64.2% assigned female; 36.1% non‐Hispanic white, 31.0% Hispanic, and 33.0% other or combination race/ethnicity. Measurements Participants completed online surveys assessing their past 6‐month use of marijuana in four tobacco products of interest (spliffs, blunts, hookah, and e‐cigarettes) and socio‐demographic variables (sex, race/ethnicity, age, 2‐year/4‐year college attendance, and sexual and gender minority identity). Findings Observed vaping marijuana in e‐cigarettes approximately doubled between the spring of 2015 and the spring of 2019, from 11.8% to 23.9% following a quadratic time trend (linear OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73–0.97, quadratic OR = 1.18, CI = 1.13–1.22). This same time period saw a quadratic decline in using marijuana in hookah (P < 0.001) and no changes in using hand‐rolled cigarettes/spliffs or cigars/blunts for marijuana delivery. Conclusions The popularity of nicotine e‐cigarettes appears to be expanding the avenues for marijuana delivery among young adults in Texas, United States.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use in tobacco products among young adult Texas college students from 2015 to 2019

et al. 2022

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“…Dabbing is an extraction procedure commonly practiced in making illicit street cartridges as shown to improve total THC-recovery and lung availability by greater than 70%, which is unachievable by smoking cannabis alone [12]. Inhaling butane hash oil derivatives have already been seen as a probable cause for atypical/eosinophilic pneumonia in case reports [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Constituents Involved in E-Cigarette, or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI)

Muthumalage

Friedman

McGraw

et al. 2020

Toxics

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The Centers for Disease Control declared e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) a national outbreak due to the high incidence of emergency department admissions and deaths. We have identified chemical constituents in e-cig counterfeit cartridges and compared these to medical-grade and CBD containing cartridges. Apart from vitamin E acetate (VEA) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), other potential toxicants were identified including solvent-derived hydrocarbons, silicon conjugated compounds, various terpenes, pesticides/plasticizers/polycaprolactones, and metals. This study provides additional insights into the chemicals associated with EVALI cartridges and thus may contribute to the underlying disease mechanism of acute lung injury.

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“…Dabbing an extraction procedure commonly practiced in making illicit street cartridges as shown to improve total THC-recovery and lung availability by greater than 70%, which is unachievable by smoking cannabis alone (Hadener et al 2019). Inhaling butane hash oil derivatives have already been seen as a probable cause for atypical/eosinophilic pneumonia in case reports (Anderson and Zechar 2019; McGraw et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical constituents involved in e-cigarette, or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI)

Muthumalage

Friedman

McGraw

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractBackgroundThe Centers for Disease Control (CDC) declared e-cigarette (e-cig), or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) a national outbreak due to the high incidence of emergency department admissions and deaths. Investigators have identified vitamin E acetate (VEA) as the plausible cause for EVALI, based on compounds found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.ObjectivesWe defined the chemical constituents present in e-cig cartridges associated with EVALI and compared constituents to medical-grade and cannabidiol (CBD) containing cartridges.MethodsWe measured chemicals and elemental metals in e-liquid and vapor phases of e-cig counterfeit cartridges by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), EPA method TO-15 by GCMS, and ICP-MS analysis.ResultsWe have identified chemical constituents in e-cig vaping tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing counterfeit cartridges compared to medical-grade and cannabidiol (CBD) containing cartridges. Apart from VEA and THC, other potential toxicants correlated with EVALI included solvent-derived hydrocarbons, silicon conjugated compounds, various terpenes, pesticides/plasticizers/polycaprolactones, and metals. These chemicals are known to cause symptoms, such as cough, shortness of breath or chest pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, fatigue, fever, or weight loss, all symptoms presenting in patients with EVALI.ConclusionThis study provides insights into understanding the chemical-induced disease mechanism of acute lung injury.

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Marijuana medusa: The many pulmonary faces of marijuana inhalation in adolescent males

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use in tobacco products among young adult Texas college students from 2015 to 2019

Longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use in tobacco products among young adult Texas college students from 2015 to 2019

Chemical Constituents Involved in E-Cigarette, or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI)

Chemical constituents involved in e-cigarette, or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI)

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