Marijuana-induced mania in a healthy adolescent: a case report

Iskandar, Joseph W.; Griffeth, Benjamin; Sharma, Taral R.

doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.007

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…16,86,87 High-potency cannabis also heightens risks for transitioning to first-episode symptoms of clinical illness. 16,86,87,100 Typically, THC content exceeding 12% is associated with the highest rates of psychiatric symptoms. 87 The combination of frequent and high-potency cannabis use further increases the risk of developing clinically relevant psychotic and mood symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cannabis Use on Psychotic and Mood Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Polkosnik

Sorkhou

George

2021

Canadian Journal of Addiction

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Background: The association between cannabis use and psychiatric disorders has been extensively investigated, but the effect of cannabis use on the induction and persistence of psychiatric symptoms in healthy individuals is less clear. We determines whether cannabis contributes to the induction and persistence of psychotic, depressive, or (hypo)manic symptoms in healthy individuals. We identified populations that are most susceptible to these effects, in addition to cannabis use behaviors that increase the risk of developing cannabis-related psychiatric symptoms. Method: A systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Medline, and PsychInfo databases. We conducted our search using the following terms: (“cannabis” OR “tetrahydrocannabinol” OR “cannabidiol” OR “marijuana” OR “cannabinoid” OR “nabilone” OR “dronabinol” OR “nabiximols”) AND (“psycho∗” OR “mood disorder” OR “depress∗” OR “mania” OR “manic” OR “hypomania”). Experimental and observational studies published from January, 1987 to March, 2021 were considered in our analysis. Results: We assessed evidence from 47 studies, including 6 experimental studies, 28 cohort studies, and 13 cross-sectional studies. Adverse effects of cannabis or cannabinoids were found in 30/32 (93.8%) of studies reporting psychotic symptoms, 13/18 studies (72.2%) reporting depressive symptoms, and 4/4 studies (100%) reporting (hypo)manic symptoms. Cannabis use robustly increased the risk of developing psychotic and (hypo)manic symptoms, but the effects of cannabis use on depression were mixed. Risk of developing symptoms was influenced by the age of onset, tetrahydrocannabinol potency, and frequency of cannabis use. Conclusions: Cannabis use increases the risk of developing and maintaining psychotic and (hypo)manic symptoms, with mixed effects for depressive symptoms, in healthy individuals. These effects occur in a dose-dependent manner and are dependent upon THC potency. More research is necessary to understand the effects of cannabis, particularly on the induction and persistence of depressive and (hypo)manic symptoms. Contexte: L’association entre la consommation de cannabis et les troubles psychiatriques a été largement étudiée, mais l’effet de la consommation de cannabis sur l’induction et la persistance des symptômes psychiatriques chez les individus en bonne santé est moins clair. Nous avons déterminé si le cannabis contribue à l’induction et à la persistance de symptômes psychotiques, dépressifs ou (hypo)maniaques chez des individus en bonne santé. Nous avons identifié les populations les plus sensibles à ces effets, en plus des comportements de consommation de cannabis qui augmentent le risque de développer des symptômes psychiatriques liés au cannabis. Méthode: Un examen systématique a été réalisé à l’aide des bases de données PubMed, Medline et PsychInfo. Nous avons effectué notre recherche en utilisant les termes suivants: (“cannabis” OU “tétrahydrocannabinol” OU “cannabidiol” OU “marijuana” OU “cannabinoïde” OU “nabilone” OU “dronabinol” OU “nabiximols”) ET (“psycho∗” OU “trouble de l’humeur » OU « déprimé∗ » OU « manie » OU « maniaque » OU « hypomanie »).” Les études expérimentales et observationnelles publiées de janvier 1987 à mars 2021 ont été prises en compte dans notre analyse. Résultats: Nous avons évalué les résultats de 47 études, dont 6 études expérimentales, 28 études de cohorte et 13 études transversales. Des effets indésirables du cannabis ou des cannabinoïdes ont été trouvés dans 30/32 (93,8%) des études rapportant des symptômes psychotiques, 13/18 études (72,2%) rapportant des symptômes dépressifs et 4/4 études (100%) rapportant des symptômes (hypo)maniaques. La consommation de cannabis augmentait fortement le risque de développer des symptômes psychotiques et (hypo)maniaques, mais les effets de la consommation de cannabis sur la dépression étaient mitigés. Le risque de développer des symptômes était influencé par l’âge d’apparition, la puissance du tétrahydrocannabinol (THC) et la fréquence de consommation de cannabis. Conclusions: La consommation de cannabis augmente le risque de développer et de maintenir des symptômes psychotiques et (hypo)maniaques, avec des effets mitigés pour les symptômes dépressifs, chez les individus en bonne santé. Ces effets se produisent de manière proportionnelle à la dose et dépendent de la puissance du THC. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour comprendre ces effets du cannabis, en particulier sur l’induction et la persistance des symptômes dépressifs et (hypo)maniaques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-potency cannabis also heightens risks for transitioning to first-episode symptoms of clinical illness 16,86,87,100 . Typically, THC content exceeding 12% is associated with the highest rates of psychiatric symptoms 87 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cannabis Use on Psychotic and Mood Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Polkosnik

Sorkhou

George

2021

Canadian Journal of Addiction

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“…Their conclusions suggest that cannabis use may contribute to the development of mania over time and may worsen the occurrence of manic symptoms in bipolar disorder. This finding is illustrated in a case where a 17-year-old male with no psychiatric history develops manic symptoms and is admitted to the hospital after greatly increasing his marijuana intake [ 16 ]. Like our patient, this patient failed initial medication trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic Steroid-induced Mania

Franey

Espiridion

2018

Cureus

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There are numerous reports of the psychiatric effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use. However, these effects have not been clearly elicited in controlled clinical trials. This discrepancy is largely due to the presence of a variety of synergistic factors seen in the real-life setting of AAS abuse.In this case, we report a patient in acute mania admitted to Frederick Memorial Hospital in Frederick, Maryland. He had no prior history or family history of manic episodes. His symptoms were refractory to initial pharmacologic intervention. The onset of his symptoms was likely related to the initiation of AAS use. However, his symptoms were likely potentiated by heavy daily cannabis use. The patient showed a gradual improvement over the second week of his hospitalization. He was discharged on antipsychotics and scheduled to follow up with a therapist and psychiatrist.

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“…But marijuana craving leads to continuous marijuana use [81][82][83][84]. Marijuana use not only increases anxiety, but also induces psychotic symptoms among adolescents [85,86]. Higher anxiety is related to increased marijuana craving, more marijuana use, and eventually marijuana-related impairment [85,87-89].…”

Section: Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Creativity and Gangs: Who Joins Gangs and Why? A Critical Review of the Literature

Kim

Kipper²

2016

World J. Behav. Sci.

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Youth gang violence is increasing in the US. This literature review examined factors that influence gang membership, including home climates, school climates, substance abuse, and personality including Type-T personality and creative attitudes. Their creative undertakings can be channeled into positive productivity, if creative climates are cultivated to meet adolescents' creative needs, by providing them with diverse resources and experiences; inspiration and encouragement; high expectations and challenges; and the freedom to be alone and unique [1].

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Marijuana-induced mania in a healthy adolescent: a case report

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of Cannabis Use on Psychotic and Mood Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Effects of Cannabis Use on Psychotic and Mood Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Anabolic Steroid-induced Mania

Creativity and Gangs: Who Joins Gangs and Why? A Critical Review of the Literature

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