Marijuana Exposure Opportunity and Initiation during College: Parent and Peer Influences

Pinchevsky, Gillian M.; Arria, Amelia M.; Caldeira, Kimberly M.; Garnier-Dykstra, Laura M.; Vincent, Kathryn B.; O’Grady, Kevin E.

doi:10.1007/s11121-011-0243-4

Cited by 100 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Direct opportunity for cannabis use (i.e., being offered a drug for purchase and/or sharing) is often the first step in the chain of drug use (Benjet et al, 2007;Caris et al, 2009;Pinchevsky et al, 2012;Siegel et al, 2014;Storr et al, 2011). Nevertheless, this common precursor of actual drug use remains relatively poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this common precursor of actual drug use remains relatively poorly understood. Despite some limited research on cannabis use opportunities (Neumark et al, 2012;Pinchevsky et al, 2012;Siegel et al, 2014), little is known about whether some youth may be at greater risk for cannabis offers. We explored this question in a large adolescent sample, by examining individual and combined effects of risk factors potentially associated with direct cannabis offers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that there may be both visible individual characteristics signaling potential interest in drugs, as well as environmental factors increasing the chance of cannabis exposure: such personal and interpersonal characteristics may differentiate certain youth as likely targets for cannabis offers. Specifically, we focused on the previously identified unique roles of delinquency (Pedersen et al, 2001;Rosenberg and Anthony, 2001) and substance-using close friends (Neumark et al, 2012;Pinchevsky et al, 2012), while accounting for a range of demographic-, contextual, interpersonal-, and personal-level covariates.…”

Section: Study Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, youth with problem behaviors and with drug-using peers were more likely to encounter cannabis use opportunities (Neumark et al, 2012;Pinchevsky et al, 2012), while delinquent youth were more likely to receive offers to purchase illegal drugs (Rosenberg and Anthony, 2001). Overall, similar risk factors seem to operate for adolescent cannabis use opportunities as for the actual cannabis use (Brook et al, 2001;Coffey et al, 2000;Hawkins et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, entry into drug use is only possible given the chance, and studies of young people in the USA (Kosterman et al, 2000;Pinchevsky et al, 2012;Van Etten et al, 1997) and in other countries (Caris et al, 2009;Delva et al, 1999;Wells et al, 2011) show that the likelihood of initiating drug use once the opportunity has occurred may be substantial. In fact, cannabis availability accounted for the majority of shared environmental risk for cannabis initiation (Gillespie et al, 2009), and the rate of transition from opportunity exposure to actual use tend to be higher for cannabis than for substances such as cocaine and amphetamines (Manning, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who receives cannabis use offers: A general population study of adolescents

Andreas¹,

Pape²

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: Drug use is predicated on a combination of "willingness" and "opportunity". That is, independent of any desire to use drugs, a drug use opportunity is required; be it indirect (i.e., being in a drug-use setting) or direct (i.e., receiving a direct drug offer). However, whether some youth are more likely to encounter such direct drug use opportunities is not fully known. Aims:We examined whether certain characteristics placed adolescents at greater risk for being offered cannabis, after accounting for a number of demographic-, contextual-, interpersonal-, and personal-level risk factors. Methods:We utilized data from a Norwegian school survey (N=19,309) where the likelihood of receiving cannabis offer in the past year was estimated using logistic regression models. Substantive focus was on the individual and combined effects of personal (i.e., delinquency) and interpersonal (i.e., cannabis-using close friend) risk factors. Separate models were fit for middle-and high-school students.Results: Delinquency was a significant risk factor for receiving cannabis offers, as was a cannabis-using best friend. In addition, peer cannabis use increased the risk of cannabis offers mostly for adolescents on the lower delinquency spectrum, but less so for highly-delinquent adolescents. These interaction effects were primarily driven by the middle-school cohort. Conclusions:Cannabis offers were more likely to be extended to youth of certain high-risk profiles.Targeted prevention strategies can therefore be extended to a general profile of younger adolescents with externalizing problems and cannabis-using peers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Who receives cannabis use offers: A general population study of adolescents

Andreas¹,

Pape²

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Marijuana-Using Drivers, Alcohol-Using Drivers, and Their Passengers

2014

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Importance Driving after marijuana use increases the risk of a motor vehicle crash. Understanding this behavior among young drivers and how it may differ from alcohol-related driving behaviors could inform prevention efforts. Objective To describe prevalence, sex differences, and risk factors associated with underage college students’ driving after using marijuana, driving after drinking alcohol, or riding with a driver using these substances. Design, Setting, Participants Cross-sectional telephone survey of a random sample of 315 first-year college students (aged 18-20 years) from 2 large public universities, who were participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. At recruitment, 52.8% of eligible individuals consented to participate; retention was 93.2% one year later when data for this report was collected. Main Outcome Measure(s) Self-reported past-28-day driving after marijuana use, riding with a marijuana-using driver, driving after alcohol use, and riding with an alcohol-using driver. Results In the prior month, 20.3% of students had used marijuana. Among marijuana-using students, 43.9% of males and 8.7% of females drove after using marijuana (p<0.001) and 51.2% of male and 34.8% of female students rode as a passenger with a marijuana-using driver (p=0.21). Most students (65.1%) drank alcohol, and among this group 12.0% of male students and 2.7% of female students drove after drinking (p=0.01), with 20.7% and 11.5% (p=0.07), respectively, reporting riding with a drinking driver. Controlling for demographics and substance use behaviors, driving after substance use was associated with at least a 2-fold increase in risk of being a passenger with another user; the reverse was also true. A 1% increase in the reported percentage of friends using marijuana was associated with a 2% increased risk of riding with a marijuana using driver (95% CI=1.01-1.03). Among students using any substances, past 28-day use of only marijuana was associated with a 6.24-fold increased risk of driving after substance use compared to using only alcohol (95% CI=1.89-21.7). Conclusions and Relevance Driving and riding after marijuana use is common among underage, marijuana-using college students. This is concerning given recent legislation that may increase marijuana availability.

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Perceived Access and Parental Monitoring as Moderators of Impulsivity and Marijuana Use Among Adolescents

et al. 2018

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The social and political climate regarding marijuana use has been changing in the US over the past decade. Research suggests that many adolescents report relatively easy access to marijuana and perceptions that recreational use involves minimal harm despite a growing body of research implicating the deleterious effects of use on cognitive and psychological development. Not surprisingly, prevalence rates have been rising in recent years, making it important to identify risk and protective factors associated with adolescent marijuana use. We tested a 3-way interaction model designed to (a) examine the relationship between behavioral impulsivity and marijuana use in adolescents, and (b) evaluate the roles of perceived access and parental monitoring as moderators of this relationship. High school students (N = 498, M = 15.7, 53% female, 77% White) completed an anonymous self-report assessment examining substance use, perceived access, and psychosocial factors related to substance use (i.e., behavioral impulsivity and parental monitoring). Results indicated that higher levels of impulsivity, greater access, and reduced parental monitoring were related to marijuana use. Significant moderating effects were found for perceived access and parental monitoring, such that use was greater for adolescents who perceived that marijuana was easier to acquire and for those with lower levels of parental monitoring. Among individuals with greater levels of impulsivity, parental monitoring reduced the impact of perceived access. Overall, results highlight risk and protective factors related to adolescent marijuana use and indicate that parental monitoring can be an effective means for reducing consumption.

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Marijuana Exposure Opportunity and Initiation during College: Parent and Peer Influences

Cited by 100 publications

References 46 publications

Who receives cannabis use offers: A general population study of adolescents

Who receives cannabis use offers: A general population study of adolescents

Marijuana-Using Drivers, Alcohol-Using Drivers, and Their Passengers

Perceived Access and Parental Monitoring as Moderators of Impulsivity and Marijuana Use Among Adolescents

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