Marijuana effect and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol plasma level

Chiang, C. Nora; Barnett, Gene

doi:10.1038/clpt.1984.168

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…This type of modelling (66) supports a 10 ng/mL cutoff as evidence of functional impairment, which agrees with the above C ss (50) estimate (67). In addition, the model was used to simulate multiple dosing with a 1% cigarette containing 9 mg THC (68).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…For the low dose, the intensity of the 'high' reached 50% of its maximum at 30 min and then gradually declined over 2 h, whereas, for the high dose, the 'high' almost plateaued at 20 min for 60 min to 75 min at 70% intensity, before declining. Modelling this data suggests that the steadystate plasma concentration at 50% of the maximum high-effect (C ss [50] ) would be 25 ng/mL to 29 ng/mL (67).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data were fitted with a lag time model because the effect emerged approximately 20 min after the peak plasma concentration. In another experiment (67), the relationship between THC plasma concentrations and self-reported 'highs' with single cigarettes of three different potencies were examined. The cigarettes were 1.3%, 2.0% and 2.5% in THC potency.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetics of Cannabinoids

McGilveray

2005

Pain Research and Management

158

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Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-9-THC) is the main psychoactive ingredient of cannabis (marijuana). The present review focuses on the pharmacokinetics of THC, but also includes known information for cannabinol and cannabidiol, as well as the synthetic marketed cannabinoids, dronabinol (synthetic THC) and nabilone. The variability of THC in plant material (0.3% to 30%) leads to variability in tissue THC levels from smoking, which is, in itself, a highly individual process. THC bioavailability averages 30%. With a 3.55% THC cigarette, a peak plasma level of 152±86.3 ng/mL occured approximately 10 min after inhalation. Oral THC, on the other hand, is only 4% to 12% bioavailable and absorption is highly variable. THC is eliminated from plasma in a multiphasic manner, with low amounts detectable for over one week after dosing. A major active 11-hydroxy metabolite is formed after both inhalation and oral dosing (20% and 100% of parent, respectively). THC is widely distributed, particularly to fatty tissues, but less than 1% of an administered dose reaches the brain, while the spleen and body fat are long-term storage sites. The elimination of THC and its many metabolites (from all routes) occurs via the feces and urine. Metabolites persist in the urine and feces for several weeks. Nabilone is well absorbed and the pharmacokinetics, although variable, appear to be linear from oral doses of 1 mg to 4 mg (these doses show a plasma elimination half-life of approximately 2 h). As with THC, there is a high first-pass effect, and the feces to urine ratio of excretion is similar to other cannabinoids. Pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic modelling with plasma THC versus cardiac and psychotropic effects show that after equilibrium is reached, the intensity of effect is proportional to the plasma THC profile. Clinical trials have found that nabilone produces less tachycardia and less euphoria than THC for a similar antiemetic response.Key Words: Cannabinoids; Inhalation; Nabilone; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics Pharmacocinétique des cannabinoïdesLe delta-9-tétrahydrocannabinol (∆-9-THC) est le principal ingrédient psychoactif du cannabis (marijuana). Le présent article de synthèse s'attarde à la pharmacocinétique du THC, mais inclut également des données sur le cannabinol et le cannabidiol, de même que sur les cannabinoïdes de synthèse sur le marché, soit le dronabinol (THC synthétique) et le nabilone. La variabilité des taux de THC dans la substance végétale (0,3 % à 30 %) donne lieu à des taux tissulaires variables de THC après l'inhalation, qui en soi, est déjà un processus hautement individuel. La biodisponibilité du THC est en moyenne de 30 %. Avec une cigarette dont la teneur en THC est de 3,55 % un pic plasmatique de 152 ± 86,3 ng/mL s'obtient environ 10 minutes après l'inhalation. D'autre part, le THC oral n'est biodisponible que dans une proportion de 4 à 12 % et son absorption est très variable. Le THC est éliminé du plasma de façon multiphasique, de faibles quantités étant décelables encore dans les sept jours suivant ...

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Section: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetics of Cannabinoids

McGilveray

2005

Pain Research and Management

158

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“…2A and B). This concentration is comparable to the THC-concentrations found in human plasma after consumption of a single marijuana cigarette (Chiang and Bamett, 1984). Cannabinoid-induced decrease in the cell viability was time-and concentration-dependent ( Fig.…”

Section: Cannabinoid-induced Dose-dependent Decrease In Astrocyte Viasupporting

confidence: 58%

Astrocytes: a driving force in brain signaling and encephalopathies

Jeremić

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.

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“…THC effects are directly related to brain concentrations; peak effects do not coincide with maximum blood concentrations (27 ). THC's equilibration time between blood and brain produces a delay between blood C max and maximal effects (28 ). Acute psychomotor impairment was documented for Յ6 h in recreational [mean 3.4 (SD 3.0) ϫ/month] smokers after smoking 250 and 500 g/kg (approximately 17.5 and 35 mg) THC cigarettes (29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Blood Collection Time on Measured Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentrations: Implications for Driving Interpretation and Drug Policy

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND:In driving-under-the-influence cases, blood typically is collected approximately 1.5-4 h after an incident, with unknown last intake time. This complicates blood ⌬ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) interpretation, owing to rapidly decreasing concentrations immediately after inhalation. We evaluated how decreases in blood THC concentration before collection may affect interpretation of toxicological results.

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Marijuana effect and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol plasma level

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Pharmacokinetics of Cannabinoids

Pharmacokinetics of Cannabinoids

Astrocytes: a driving force in brain signaling and encephalopathies

Effect of Blood Collection Time on Measured Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentrations: Implications for Driving Interpretation and Drug Policy

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