Marijuana: cardiovascular effects and legal considerations. A clinical case-based review

Ahmad, Saad; Hlaing, Shwe Win; Haris, Muhammad; Attar, Nadeem

doi:10.5837/bjc.2022.011

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana, have been well studied and reported substantially in the literature. When smoked, THC results in a rapid, dose-dependent tachycardia by 20-100%, an increase in blood pressure, and an increase in cardiac output by > 30%, leading to increased oxygen demand, which is augmented by the vasoconstriction from endothelial damage by smoking and activation of CB1 receptors by marijuana [ 3 , 4 ]. Anxiety, panic, impaired attention, and psychosis are commonly experienced as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most commonly, this was reported among adolescent patients, the youngest reported patient being 16 years old by Toce et al [ 13 ]. Our patient was unusual in that his MI symptoms were due to global vasospasm of the coronary arteries as compared to localized spasm in the majority of cases reported, which we theorize was contributed to by marijuana toxicity, perhaps augmented by synthetic cannabinoids [ 4 ]. Synthetic cannabinoids are not routinely tested for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marijuana as a Cause of Diffuse Coronary Vasospasm Leading to Cardiac Arrest

Khan¹,

Khan²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Marijuana is considered as the most popular illicit drug around the world. It has numerous cardiovascular effects with myocardial infarction (MI) being a lethal one. The negative physiological effects of marijuana are well-studied, including tachycardia, nausea, memory impairment, anxiety, panic, and arrhythmia. We present a case of cardiac arrest following marijuana use in a patient who had a normal electrocardiogram (EKG) on presentation but diffuse coronary vasospasm on left heart catheterization (LHC) with no obstructive lesion. The patient had a transient episode of ST elevation on EKG following the procedure which resolved with an increased dose of nitroglycerine drip. Synthetic cannabinoids are more potent and not detected on a regular urine drug screen (UDS). In patients with low risk for cardiovascular events, particularly young adults, presenting with symptoms of MI/cardiac arrest, marijuana-induced MI should be suspected due to the severe adverse effects of its synthetic component.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana as a Cause of Diffuse Coronary Vasospasm Leading to Cardiac Arrest

Khan¹,

Khan²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Recreational drug intake may be associated with a range of medical untoward consequences. For example, a few cardiotoxic (e.g., dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, chest pain, and myocardial infarction) effects have been reported for those molecules interacting with the cannabinoid receptor e.g., phytocannabinoids [ 1 ], and especially so for the high-potency synthetic cannabimimetics [ 2 , 3 ]. Conversely, the use of ‘uppers’ (including cocaine, synthetic cathinones, and amphetamine-type stimulants) is typically associated with both agitation, ranging from mild agitation to severe psychosis, and a vast range of sympathomimetic effects (e.g., tachycardia and hypertension as well as psychoactive effects): hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and seizures [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational Drug Misuse and Its Potential Contribution to Male Fertility Levels’ Decline: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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Recreational drug intake may be associated with a range of medical untoward consequences, including male infertility. However, as the related evidence is still limited, the main outcome of this review is to provide a better understanding of the existence of any association between recreational drug misuse and male fertility levels’ decline. Whilst searching the MEDLINE/PubMed, a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding male infertility and substances of abuse (e.g., phytocannabinoids, opiates/opioids, stimulants, ‘herbal highs’, psychedelics, and ‘novel psychoactive substances) was here undertaken. Due to the paucity of robust, high-quality, empirical, human studies, a narrative strategy was here preferred over a systematic approach. Relevant data are qualitatively analyzed and presented in a table. Although most available evidence is in support of a detrimental role of cannabis on human spermatogenesis, a few remaining studies failed to document any effect of this drug on seminal quality, and it is not clear to which extent this drug impacts fertility rates/time to pregnancy. The current understanding of the impact of opiate-, cocaine- and amphetamine/stimulant-misuse on human reproduction is widely unknown, and most studies dealing with this matter represent only an extrapolation of data derived from specific clinical circumstances. Although the message of ‘no smoking, no alcohol and no street drugs’ should always be offered as good health advice to all patients seeking medical help for fertility issues, robust scientific clinical evidence in support of a direct detrimental impact of recreational drugs on spermatogenesis is scant to date.

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Marijuana: cardiovascular effects and legal considerations. A clinical case-based review

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Marijuana as a Cause of Diffuse Coronary Vasospasm Leading to Cardiac Arrest

Marijuana as a Cause of Diffuse Coronary Vasospasm Leading to Cardiac Arrest

Recreational Drug Misuse and Its Potential Contribution to Male Fertility Levels’ Decline: A Narrative Review

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