Marijuana and cocaine effect expectancies and drug use patterns.

Schafer, John; Brown, Sandra A.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.4.558

Cited by 266 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…First is its reliance on self-report assessment measures. Although the chosen self-report measures have been shown to be reliable and valid proxies for interviews (Schafer and Brown, 1991;Stice et al, 2000), interviews are necessary for precise estimation of the frequency and severity of eating, drinking, and drug use behaviors. Second, despite measuring symptoms of depression and anxiety, we did not obtain diagnoses of Axis I or Axis II disorders, which have been previously associated with eating disorders and substance use (Dansky et al, 2000;Kozyk et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Lagged Evaluation of Eating Disorder Symptomatology and Substance-Use Problems

Dunn

Neighbors

Fossos

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a temporal examination of the associations among disordered eating behaviors, substance use, and use-related negative consequences in female college students-a population at high risk for developing eating and substance-use disorders. Method: Participants completed assessments of disordered eating behaviors, alcohol and drug use, and use-related negative consequences. Results: Results support previous research suggesting that disordered eating behaviors are more strongly associated with alcohol-and substance-related problems rather than use per se. With respect to temporal precedence, results indicated that binge eating preceded alcohol-use problems, but a bidirectional relationship was found for vomiting. With regard to drug problems, laxatives use preceded drug problems, whereas drug problems preceded fasting. These associations were not better accounted for by pre-existing eating or substance-use problems or psychiatric distress (e.g., depression, anxiety). Conclusions: This study further supports the importance of assessing consequences, in addition to use patterns, when examining substance use in individuals demonstrating threshold and subthreshold eating-disordered behaviors. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 70: [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116] 2009)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CDDR was originally developed as an interviewer-administered measure but has been previously used as a self-report instrument with college student samples (Schafer and Brown, 1991). The CDDR was designed to assess the frequency of drug use and use-related negative consequences (Brown et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Lagged Evaluation of Eating Disorder Symptomatology and Substance-Use Problems

Dunn

Neighbors

Fossos

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…An example of one such candidate trait is differential sensitivity to a drug's behavioral effects. In humans, for example, differences in initial sensitivity to cocaine are predictive of long-term use and dependence (Davidson et al, 1993;Haertzen et al, 1983;Schafer and Brown, 1991), and a recent study has indicated that individuals who reported a high degree of "liking" or "wanting" on their initial use of cocaine had a significantly increased risk of cocaine abuse (Lambert et al, 2006). In rodents, a reliable indicator of initial sensitivity to psychostimulants is drug-induced locomotor activity in an open-field arena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparate cocaine-induced locomotion as a predictor of choice behavior in rats trained in a delay-discounting task

Stanis

Burns

Sherrill

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Heightened impulsivity and differential sensitivity to a drug's behavioral effects are traits that, individually, have been associated with chronic drug use and dependence. Here, we used an animal model to test whether individual differences in cocaine-induced activity are predictive of impulsive choice behavior. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and classified into low or high cocaine responders (LCRs and HCRs, respectively) based on their locomotor response in an open-field arena. Rats were then trained in a delay-discounting task that offers a choice between immediately delivered, but smaller reinforcements, or larger reinforcements that are delivered after a delay. We also examined the effects of amphetamine (AMPH; 0.3-1.0 mg/kg) and the 5-HT 1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.3-1.0 mg/kg) on delay discounting. Lastly, all rats were retested in the open-field to determine if phenotypes were stable. We observed baseline differences in choice behavior between the groups, with HCRs behaving more impulsively (i.e., choosing the small reinforcement) compared to LCRs. AMPH decreased choice of the large reinforcement in LCRs, but did not alter choice in HCRs. Impulsive choice was increased in both phenotypes following 8-OH-DPAT, with LCRs exhibiting changes across a wider range of delays. When cocaine-induced openfield behavior was retested, responses in LCRs were similar whereas HCRs showed evidence of tolerance. Our results suggest that differential sensitivity to cocaine-induced locomotion is predictive of impulsivity and the potential neurobiological differences in LCRs and HCRs may provide insight into mechanisms contributing to vulnerability for chronic drug use and/or dependence.

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“…This suggests that negative expectancies play a more substantial role in motivating individuals to change their behaviour and seek help. Past research has suggested negative expectancies play a protective role, and are associated with non-use of cannabis among adults (Schafer and Brown, 1991) and adolescents (Alfonso and Dunn, 2007). Higher negative expectancies have also been observed among those who have quit cannabis (Aarons et al, 2001) and are associated with lower odds of relapse during self-initiated cessation (Boden et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%