Mariculture of the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida and the native kelp Saccharina latissima along the Atlantic coast of Southern Europe: An overview

Peteiro, César; Sánchez, Noemí; Martínez, Brezo

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2016.01.012

Cited by 96 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Mariculture expanded across Brittany, after Undaria' s initial introduction in 1981, with nine sites established into the early 1990s (Castric‐Fey et al., ). Cultivation and mariculture have also been carried out on the Galician coast of Spain since the late 1990s and are continuing to develop along the North coast (Perez‐Cirera et al., ; Peteiro et al., ). In 2010, The Ministry for Primary Industries (New Zealand) introduced a revised policy for the commercial use of Undaria which approved its wild harvest from artificial substrates or when cast ashore in selected areas.…”

Section: Undaria Pinnatifidamentioning

confidence: 99%

Undaria pinnatifida: A case study to highlight challenges in marine invasion ecology and management

Epstein

Smale

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Marine invasion ecology and management have progressed significantly over the last 30 years although many knowledge gaps and challenges remain. The kelp Undaria pinnatifida, or “Wakame,” has a global non‐native range and is considered one of the world's “worst” invasive species. Since its first recorded introduction in 1971, numerous studies have been conducted on its ecology, invasive characteristics, and impacts, yet a general consensus on the best approach to its management has not yet been reached. Here, we synthesize current understanding of this highly invasive species and adopt Undaria as a case study to highlight challenges in wider marine invasion ecology and management. Invasive species such as Undaria are likely to continue to spread and become conspicuous, prominent components of coastal marine communities. While in many cases, marine invasive species have detectable deleterious impacts on recipient communities, in many others their influence is often limited and location specific. Although not yet conclusive, Undaria may cause some ecological impact, but it does not appear to drive ecosystem change in most invaded regions. Targeted management actions have also had minimal success. Further research is needed before well‐considered, evidence‐based management decisions can be made. However, if Undaria was to become officially unmanaged in parts of its non‐native range, the presence of a highly productive, habitat former with commercial value and a broad ecological niche, could have significant economic and even environmental benefit. How science and policy reacts to the continued invasion of Undaria may influence how similar marine invasive species are handled in the future.

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Section: Undaria Pinnatifidamentioning

confidence: 99%

Undaria pinnatifida: A case study to highlight challenges in marine invasion ecology and management

Epstein

Smale

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Førde et al (2016) found significantly less bryozoan cover with increasing depths up to 15 m on the fronds of cultivated S. latissima. However, droppers of 15 m length are not practical in commercial seaweed farms in Ireland where licensed sites are often located in depths less than 15 m. Kelp growth is also affected by depth; however, optimum cultivation depth varies among latitudes (Buschmann et al 2008, Handå et al 2013, Peteiro et al 2016. Thus, in addition to practical limitations, there is a probable trade-off between fouling and farm productivity linked to cultivation depth.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Fouling Of Seeded a Esculenta Frondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a smaller spatial scale, location within the farm may also have an effect, as the outer areas of the farm may receive greater water flow and correspondingly exhibit less fouling than in the sheltered middle area of the farm (Peteiro & Freire 2013b). The hydrodynamics around fronds may be influenced by frond density, with different water movement occurring around densely growing fronds compared with fronds growing at lower densities, which in turn will effect frond fouling (Peteiro & Freire 2013b, Peteiro et al 2016. The position of fronds in the water column has also been found to have an impact on fouling organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successional changes of epibiont fouling communities of the cultivated kelp Alaria esculenta: predictability and influences

Walls¹,

Edwards²,

Firth³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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There has been an increase in commercial-scale kelp cultivation in Europe, with fouling of cultivated kelp fronds presenting a major challenge to the growth and development of the industry. The presence of epibionts decreases productivity and impacts the commercial value of the crop. Several abiotic and biotic factors may influence the occurrence and degree of fouling of wild and cultivated fronds. Using a commercial kelp farm on the SW coast of Ireland, we studied the development of fouling communities on cultivated Alaria esculenta fronds over 2 typical growing seasons. The predictability of community development was assessed by comparing mean occurrence-day. Hypotheses that depth, kelp biomass, position within the farm and the hydrodynamic environment affect the fouling communities were tested using species richness and community composition. Artificial kelp mimics were used to test whether local frond density could affect the fouling communities. Species richness increased over time during both years, and species composition was consistent over years with early successional communities converging into later communities (no significant differences between June 2014 and June 2015 communities, ANOSIM; R = −0.184, p > 0.05). The timing of species occurrences was predictable across years for all shared species. Variations in biomass, depth and position within the farm had no significant effect on species richness and composition. Results from artificial kelp mimics suggest possible hydrodynamic effects. The ability to understand succession and the timing of occurrences of fouling organisms and predict their arrival has significant benefits for the seaweed cultivation industry.

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“…Many of the techniques developed for the commercial‐scale cultivation of Saccharina's species (Chen ; Peteiro et al . ) have been transferred to the cultivation of Macrocystis (Gutierrez et al . ; Correa et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

Camus

Infante

Buschmann

2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Chile is one of the main producers of seaweeds in the world; however, most of the production comes from harvesting natural beds and only 2.4% from cultures, dominated by the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis. One of the most exploited resources is the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, which is sold fresh for abalone feed and dry for alginate extraction. Recently, new possible markets are developing for this species, for example human consumption and biofuel/chemical production that could increase the demand and justify the development of a commercial cultivation system. The objective of this work was to present the recent development of the seafarming of M. pyrifera in Chile, focusing on the fundamental determinants of productivity in cultivated systems and the identification of the binding constraints to productivity. Three experimental plots (up to 21 Ha) were designed and deployed in three study areas (Caldera in northern Chile and Quenac and Ancud in southern Chile) to test different environmental conditions. During a period of 3 years, sporophytes produced in an indoor hatchery were deployed monthly, at different densities, and followed until harvest. Environmental parameters and biomass were monitored on a monthly basis. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of Macrocystis seafarming on a large scale in Chile. Important differences in yield were observed between the study areas associated with either environmental physical or biological factors, such as the presence of herbivores. Our best production cycle reached 124 WMT Ha−1 month −1 in southern Chile, and the worst, less than 20 WMT Ha−1 month−1 in northern Chile. Finally, some direct and indirect constrains were encountered, including seeding season and depth, and the presence of pests and diseases, that are discussed.

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Mariculture of the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida and the native kelp Saccharina latissima along the Atlantic coast of Southern Europe: An overview

Cited by 96 publications

References 108 publications

Undaria pinnatifida: A case study to highlight challenges in marine invasion ecology and management

Undaria pinnatifida: A case study to highlight challenges in marine invasion ecology and management

Successional changes of epibiont fouling communities of the cultivated kelp Alaria esculenta: predictability and influences

Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast

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