MARIA Reactor Irradiation Technology Capabilities towards Advanced Applications

Migdal, Marek; Balcer, Emilia; Bartosik, Łukasz; Bąk, Łukasz; Celińska, Agnieszka; Cybowska, J.; Dobrzelewski, Krzysztof; Jaroszewicz, Janusz; Jezierski, K.; Knake, Natalia; Kubiński, Wojciech; Lechniak, Jan; Lipka, Maciej; Madejowski, G.; Małkiewicz, Adam; Murawski, Łukasz; Owsianko, Ireneusz; Piwowarski, Bartłomiej; Prokopowicz, R.; Talarowska, Anna; Wilińska, Emilia; Witkowski, Tomasz; Witkowski, Piotr; Wojtania, Grzegorz; Wójcik, Marcin

doi:10.3390/en14238153

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The NR process was carried out at the National Centre for Nuclear Research, Poland, in the MARIA research nuclear reactor [ 35 ]. A fast neutron irradiation facility was used for this purpose.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of InSb-Based Thin Films and Graphene on SiC for Magnetic Diagnostics under Extreme Conditions

El-Ahmar

Przychodnia

Jankowski

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The ability to precisely measure magnetic fields under extreme operating conditions is becoming increasingly important as a result of the advent of modern diagnostics for future magnetic-confinement fusion devices. These conditions are recognized as strong neutron radiation and high temperatures (up to 350 °C). We report on the first experimental comparison of the impact of neutron radiation on graphene and indium antimonide thin films. For this purpose, a 2D-material-based structure was fabricated in the form of hydrogen-intercalated quasi-free-standing graphene on semi-insulating high-purity on-axis 4H-SiC(0001), passivated with an Al2O3 layer. InSb-based thin films, donor doped to varying degrees, were deposited on a monocrystalline gallium arsenide or a polycrystalline ceramic substrate. The thin films were covered with a SiO2 insulating layer. All samples were exposed to a fast-neutron fluence of ≈7×1017 cm−2. The results have shown that the graphene sheet is only moderately affected by neutron radiation compared to the InSb-based structures. The low structural damage allowed the graphene/SiC system to retain its electrical properties and excellent sensitivity to magnetic fields. However, InSb-based structures proved to have significantly more post-irradiation self-healing capabilities when subject to proper temperature treatment. This property has been tested depending on the doping level and type of the substrate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of InSb-Based Thin Films and Graphene on SiC for Magnetic Diagnostics under Extreme Conditions

El-Ahmar

Przychodnia

Jankowski

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…The samples were then placed in a metallic tube for transportation to the MARIA nuclear research reactor for neutron activation. The activation conditions were a thermal neutron flux of 2.5 × 10 14 n/(cm 2 s) and a 20 min activation time; other parameters are shown in Table 1 [30]. The samples were kept to 'cool' (radioactivity reduction) for three weeks at the nuclear research reactor facility and a further 1.5 months at the INCT in a Pb shield due to high initial activity.…”

Section: Preparation Of 65 Zn Using Maria Research Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Techniques for Tracking the Progress of the Hydrometallurgical Leaching Process: A Case Study of Mn and Zn

Kiprono,

Kawalec,

Klis

et al. 2024

Metals

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With advancements in hardware and software, non-destructive radiometric analytical methods have become popular in a wide range of applications. A typical case is the study of the leaching process of metals from mineral ores and mine tailings. The objective of the current study was to develop a radiometric method based on neutron activation analysis (NAA), in particular, delayed gamma neutron activation analysis (DGNAA), to monitor the process of Mn and Zn leaching from Ti ore, Cu mine tailings, and Zn-Pb mine tailings. The DGNAA method was performed using a neutron source: a deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator for Mn and a MARIA research nuclear reactor for Zn. Laboratory-scale Mn leaching from Ti ores, Cu tailings, and Zn-Pb tailings was investigated using delayed gamma-rays of 56Mn (half-life of 2.6 h). The dissolution efficiencies of Mn were found to increase with interaction time and HCl concentration (1 to 5 M) and to vary with the leaching temperature (22.5 to 110 °C). Such results were found to agree with those obtained by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry for the same samples. 65Zn (half-life of 244 days) was chosen to investigate real-time/online leaching of Zn in Ti ore, Cu tailings, and Zn-Pb tailings. During online monitoring, Zn recovery was also reported to increase with increased leaching time. After approximately 300 min of leaching, 80%, 79%, and 53% recovery of Zn in Zn-Pb tailings, Ti ore, and Cu tailings, respectively, were reported. Theoretically, developed mathematical prediction models for 65Zn radiotracer analysis showed that the spherical diffusion model requires much less time to attain saturation compared to the linear diffusion model. The results of NAA for Zn were compared with those obtained by handheld X-ray fluorescence (handheld-XRF) and TXRF analysis. The analyzed samples encompassed leached Ti ore, Cu tailings, and Zn-Pb tailings which were subjected to different conditions of leaching time, temperature, and HCl concentrations. The XRF analysis confirmed that the leaching efficiencies of Zn rise with the increase in leaching time and HCl concentration and fluctuate with leaching temperature. The developed approach is important and can be applied in laboratories and industrial setups for online monitoring of the recovery of any element whose isotopes can be activated using neutrons. The efficiency of the metal-recovery process has a direct impact on the normal operation and economic advantages of hydrometallurgy.

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Multipurpose Research Reactor for Countries with Ambitions

Lipka,

Talarowska

2024

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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MARIA Reactor Irradiation Technology Capabilities towards Advanced Applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

The Comparison of InSb-Based Thin Films and Graphene on SiC for Magnetic Diagnostics under Extreme Conditions

The Comparison of InSb-Based Thin Films and Graphene on SiC for Magnetic Diagnostics under Extreme Conditions

Radiation Techniques for Tracking the Progress of the Hydrometallurgical Leaching Process: A Case Study of Mn and Zn

Multipurpose Research Reactor for Countries with Ambitions

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