Margo McCaffery: Resolute and Visionary

Pasero, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2018.01.005

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the questions on PA were used that have previously been used in national surveys conducted for the general US population. In addition, patients’ self-report of the level of pain they are experiencing has generally been found to be more reliable than provider assessments based upon physical signs (Pasero and McCaffery 2010). Although 47 of 240 (19.6%) women did not complete the PA scale, we generally did not find significant differences between the respondents who did or did not have missing information on PA except surgery (results not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of adherence to physical activity guidelines among overweight and obese African American breast cancer survivors: implications for an intervention approach

et al. 2016

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Objective Public health agencies encourage breast cancer survivors (BCSs) to follow their physical activity guidelines (PAGs). However, adherence to these guidelines is low. African American (AA) BCSs are more often overweight or obese and less likely than women of other races to report adherence to physical activity recommendations. This study examined socioeconomic, clinical, and psychosocial correlates with meeting PAGs. Design AA women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer and participating in a breast cancer support group (N = 193) completed a lifestyle assessment tool capturing demographic characteristics; breast cancer diagnosis and treatment history; health-related quality of life; weight history, including body mass index and post-diagnosis weight gain; and physical activity. Logistic regressions were used to determine if these covariates were associated with meeting [>8.3 metabolic equivalent task (MET) hr/wk]; partially meeting (4.15–8.3 MET hr/wk); or not meeting (<4.15 MET hr/wk) PAGs. Results Only 54% of AA BCSs reported meeting current PAGs. Participants reporting weight gain of ≤5 lbs post-diagnosis, and those who received surgical treatment for breast cancer were more likely to complete at least 8.3 MET hr/wk. Better physical functioning and lesser pain intensity were associated with meeting PAGs. Conclusion Several factors influence physical activity behaviors and are likely to be important in developing effective interventions to assist AA survivors manage their weight. It is essential that providers and breast cancer support groups that assist survivors to remain physically active and to manage their weight should be aware of these factors. These findings may help generate hypotheses for future research to undergird efforts to increase physical activity among African American BCSs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of adherence to physical activity guidelines among overweight and obese African American breast cancer survivors: implications for an intervention approach

et al. 2016

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“…Lidocaine, for example, only acts for 1-2 hrs. 1 LAs can be administered either by multiple injections, continuous infusion, or via a topical/transdermal (TT) route. However, these routes of administration are also associated with limitations, such as the need for an infusion device, the need for hospitalization, and the risk of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Oral Administration of Lidocaine HCl Biodegradable Microspheres: Formulation and Optimization</p>

AlQuadeib

Eltahir

Alagili

2020

IJN

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Purpose: Lidocaine (LID) is a local anesthetic that is administered either by injection and/or a topical/transdermal route. However, there is a current need to develop efficacious methods for the oral delivery of LID with optimized bioavailability. Methods: We developed oral LID biodegradable microspheres that were loaded with alginate-chitosan with different mass ratios, and characterized these microspheres in vitro. We also developed, and utilized, a simple and sensitive HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method for assaying LID microspheres. Results: The mean particle size (MPS) of the LID microspheres ranged from 340.7 to 528.3 nm. As the concentration of alginate was reduced, there was a significant reduction in MPS. However, there was no significant change in drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), or drug yield, when the alginate concentration was either increased or decreased. DSC measurements demonstrated the successful loading of LID to the new formulations. After a slow initial release, less than 10% of the LID was released in vitro within 4 h at pH 1.2. In order to evaluate nephrotoxicity, we carried out MTT assays of LID in two types of cell line (LLC-PK1 and MDCK). LID significantly suppressed the cell toxicity of both cell lines at the concentrations tested (100, 200, and 400ng/µL). Conclusion: Experiments involving the oral delivery of LID formulations showed a significant reduction in particle size and an improvement in dissolution rate. The formulations of LID developed exhibit significantly less toxicity than LID alone.

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“…‘Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does’ (McCaffery, 1968). Mary Margo McCaffrey, a nursing professor at the University of California in Los Angeles, quoted this classic definition of pain in her 1968 class syllabus (Pasero, 2018). Here, she alluded to the integral role that subjectivity plays in relation to an individual's pain experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This definition is still widely used today and is embedded in nursing curricula teachings. McCaffrey, a pioneer in caring for people with pain, believed knowledge deficits and misconceptions were causal factors for pain under management (Pasero, 2018). Croix (2014) also recognized the role of subjectivity in pain and determined that any subjective aspect of pain cannot be separated from pain itself because the pain belongs to a subject .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The objectivity and subjectivity of pain practices in older adults with dementia: A critical reflection

2020

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Providing nursing care for people with dementia residing in long‐term care facilities poses specific challenges regarding pain practices. With underlying communication barriers unique to dementia pathologies, this population is often unable to communicate verbal sentiments and descriptions of pain. In turn, nurses caring for older persons with dementia have difficulty assessing, managing and treating pain. Objectivity is an imperative factor in healthcare pain practices; however, it is difficult to objectively evaluate someone who cannot accurately communicate their experience of pain. Therefore, the authors believe that subjectivity is also an essential part of evaluating the person with dementia's experience of pain. In this critical reflection, the authors explore objectivity and subjectivity in relation to pain practices for dementia in long‐term care. A historical summary of pain is provided outlining the evolution of objectivity and subjectivity related to pain practices. The authors discuss the complexities of assessing and managing pain and offer a new perspective about the role of objectivity (and co‐existence of subjectivity) for nurses treating pain in the older adults with dementia.

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Margo McCaffery: Resolute and Visionary

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Determinants of adherence to physical activity guidelines among overweight and obese African American breast cancer survivors: implications for an intervention approach

Determinants of adherence to physical activity guidelines among overweight and obese African American breast cancer survivors: implications for an intervention approach

<p>The Oral Administration of Lidocaine HCl Biodegradable Microspheres: Formulation and Optimization</p>

The objectivity and subjectivity of pain practices in older adults with dementia: A critical reflection

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