Marginal stability constraint on runaway electron distribution

Breǐzman, B. N.; Kiramov, D. I.

doi:10.1063/5.0130558

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In works [99,100], attention was focused on the study of RAEs in TOKAMAK-type installations and devices for their diagnostics in these conditions. Works [101][102][103][104][105] studied RAEs registered in atmospheric discharges, and work [106] investigated the application of RAE discharges for materials processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases

Kozyrev,

Tarasenko

2024

Plasma

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Runaway electron (RAE) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that significantly influences discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in the air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide applications. In the present review, theoretical and experimental results that explain the reason for RAE occurrence at high pressures are analyzed, and recommendations are given for the implementation of conditions under which the runaway electron beam (RAEB) with the highest current can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were obtained using subnanosecond, nanosecond, and submicrosecond generators, including those specially developed for runaway electron generation. The RAEBs were recorded using oscilloscopes and collectors with picosecond time resolution. To theoretically describe the phenomenon of continuous electron acceleration, the method of physical kinetics was used based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation that takes into account the minimum but sufficient number of elementary processes, including shock gas ionization and elastic electron scattering. The results of modeling allowed the main factors to be established that control the RAE appearance, the most important of which is electron scattering on neutral atoms and/or molecules. Theoretical modeling has allowed the influence of various parameters (including the voltage, pressure, gas type, and geometrical characteristics of the discharge gap) to be taken into account. The results of the research presented here allow RAE accelerators with desirable parameters to be developed and the possibility of obtaining diffuse discharges to be accessed under various conditions. The review consists of the Introduction, five sections, the Conclusion, and the References.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases

Kozyrev,

Tarasenko

2024

Plasma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In works [99,100], attention was focused on the study of the RAEs in TOKAMAK-type installations and devices for their diagnostics in these conditions. Works [101][102][103][104][105] studied the RAEs registered in atmospheric discharges, and work [106] investigated the application of the RAE discharges for materials processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Conditions for Generation of Runaway Electrons in High Pressure Gases

Tarasenko

2023

Preprint

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Runaway electrons (RAEs) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that influences significantly discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide application. In the present review, theoretical and experimental results that explain the reason for the RAEs occurrence at high pressures are analyzed and recommendations are given on the implementation of conditions under which the runaway electron beam (RAEB) with the highest current can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. Experimental results were obtained using subnanosecond, nanosecond, and submicrosecond generators, including those specially developed for runaway electron generation. The RAEB were recorded by oscilloscopes and collectors with picosecond time resolution. To describe theoretically the phenomenon of continuous electron acceleration, the method of physical kinetics has been used based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation that takes into account the minimum but sufficient number of elementary processes, including shock gas ionization and elastic electron scattering. Results of modeling allowed the main factors to be established that control the RAE appearance, the most important of which is electron scattering on neutral atoms and/or molecules. Theoretical modeling has allowed the influence of various parameters (including the voltage, pressure, gas type, and geometrical characteristics of the discharge gap) to be taken into account. The results of research presented here allow the RAEs accelerators with desirable parameters to be developed and the possibility of obtaining diffuse discharges to be accessed under various conditions. The review consists of the Introduction, 5 Sections, the Conclusion, and the References.

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Nonlinear saturation of whistler modes driven by runaway electrons

Breizman,

Kiramov

2023

Physics of Plasmas

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Runaway electrons exhibit kinetic instabilities with potentially beneficial consequences. The anomalous Doppler resonance between the electrons and whistler modes is a primary underlying mechanism. These instabilities require a first-principle nonlinear theoretical analysis, which would ultimately enable assessment of their impact on disruption mitigation and diagnostics, especially in ITER-relevant conditions. This paper presents recent progress in developing the required theoretical framework for isolated nonlinear resonances. By employing the generic bump-on-tail model, we predict the wave saturation levels in both near-threshold and strongly driven regimes. Remarkably, for the waves of interest, the parallel component of the wave vector dictates the parallel momentum of the resonant particles. This feature, together with the expected wave saturation level, provides a complete description of the resonance impact on the runaway electron distribution function. We show that the parametric dependence of the nonlinearly saturated mode provides a way to recover certain features of the runaway momentum distribution function.

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Marginal stability constraint on runaway electron distribution

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases

Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases

Optimal Conditions for Generation of Runaway Electrons in High Pressure Gases

Nonlinear saturation of whistler modes driven by runaway electrons

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