Marek's Disease Virus Type 1-Specific Phosphorylated Proteins pp38 and pp24 with Common Amino Acid Termini Are Encoded from the Opposite Junction Regions between the Long Unique and Inverted Repeat Sequences of Viral Genome

Zhu, Geng-Sheng; Iwata, Atsushi; Gong, Min; Ueda, Seinosuke; Hirai, Kanji

doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1249

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…These genes span the long repeat/UL boundary (60,109). The two proteins share 65 amino acids at their amino termini, which are encoded in the long repeats, while their carboxyl termini are encoded at either end of the UL region (60,109). Interestingly, these two proteins have carboxyl-terminal amino acid similarity that has not been previously described.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…pp24 and pp38 are among the first MDV proteins expressed in MDV-induced tumors and are part of a phosphorylated protein complex present in MDV-induced lymphoblastoid cell lines (43,65,66,89). These genes span the long repeat/UL boundary (60,109). The two proteins share 65 amino acids at their amino termini, which are encoded in the long repeats, while their carboxyl termini are encoded at either end of the UL region (60,109).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These repeat regions contain 16 genes, all of which are unique to MDV1. Proteins from three of these genes associated with cellular transformation include the Marek's EcoRI Q fragment protein (MEQ), which is present in two copies (MDV005 and MDV076), pp38 (MDV073), and pp24 (MDV008) (24,79,90,102,109).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying viral virulence and oncogenicity remain poorly understood. Genes encoding proteins involved in T-cell transformation (MEQ) and others with potential involvement in tumorigenicity, viral virulence, and host range (pp24, pp38, interleukin 8 [IL-8], SORF2) have been described (14,24,43,57,65,66,79,89,90,102,109). Additionally, virus attenuation has been associated with amplification of a 132-bp repeat within the long repeats (10-12, 34, 61, 78, 90).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Genome of a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus

Tulman

Afonso

et al. 2000

J Virol

252

221

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Here we present the first complete genomic sequence, with analysis, of a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV1), Md5. The genome is 177,874 bp and is predicted to encode 103 proteins. MDV1 is colinear with the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) within the unique long (UL) region, and it is most similar at the amino acid level to MDV2, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), and nonavian herpesviruses equine herpesviruses 1 and 4. MDV1 encodes 55 HSV-1 UL homologues together with 6 additional UL proteins that are absent in nonavian herpesviruses. The unique short (US) region is colinear with and has greater than 99% nucleotide identity to that of MDV1 strain GA; however, an extra nucleotide sequence at the Md5 US/short terminal repeat boundary results in a shorter US region and the presence of a second gene (encoding MDV097) similar to the SORF2 gene. MD5, like HVT, encodes an ICP4 homologue that contains a 900-amino-acid amino-terminal extension not found in other herpesviruses. Putative virulence and host range gene products include the oncoprotein MEQ, oncogenicity-associated phosphoproteins pp38 and pp24, a lipase homologue, a CxC chemokine, and unique proteins of unknown function MDV087 and MDV097 (SORF2 homologues) and MDV093 (SORF4). Consistent with its virulent phenotype, Md5 contains only two copies of the 132-bp repeat which has previously been associated with viral attenuation and loss of oncogenicity.Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by the highly infectious cell-associated alphaherpesvirus MD virus serotype 1 (MDV1) (18). Yearly economic losses from MD total $1 billion worldwide (18). MDV1 infection results in a rapid onset of malignant T-cell lymphomas within several weeks of infection. Tumor infiltration results in a neural form of disease, which causes progressive paralysis, or a visceral form of disease, which is usually very acute and accompanied by high mortality. Productive virus replication in the skin and feather follicle epithelia with subsequent virus shedding is responsible for disease transmission (18).MD is controlled by vaccination and good management practices (18). Naturally occurring nonpathogenic strains of MDV1, MDV2, and herpesvirus of turkey (HVT or MDV3) have been used individually or together in bivalent vaccines (18,40). Recent increases in MD-related mortality and condemnations among vaccinated poultry have occurred in the United States. These increases in disease have occurred approximately 6 years after the introduction of new vaccines (99). In the late 1970s, following the introduction of HVT vaccines, and since 1992, after the introduction of bivalent MDV2-HVTbased vaccines, new MDV1 strains of greater virulence (very virulent [vv] and very virulent plus [vv ϩ ] MDV1) were isolated. These viruses are characterized by higher cytolytic activity, unusual tissue tropism, increased atrophy of lymphoid organs, immunosuppression, enhanced capacity to transform T cells, and earlier host death (7...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Genome of a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus

Tulman

Afonso

et al. 2000

J Virol

252

221

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“…4). One possibility is that the long meq ORF may be located in TRL as the native meq ORF in IRL, as reported for two related MDV-specific phosphoproteins, pp38 and pp24, located in IRL and TRL, respectively [27]. In addition, Fukuchi et al [7] also reported that the 1.5-kb BglI-PstI subfragment of the BamHI-D and -H regions present in TRL and IRL of nonpathogenic but not pathogenic MDV1 had heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Difference in the meq Gene between Oncogenic and Attenuated Strains of Marek's Disease Virus Serotype 1.

Lee

Takagi

Ohashi

et al. 2000

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Serotype 1 strains of Marek's disease virus (MDV1), except attenuated vaccine strains, are known to cause lymphomas in visceral organs of infected chickens. To know additional genetic differences between oncogenic and nononcogenic MDV1, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the meq gene of the viral genome. In addition to the 1,062-bp band including the native meq open reading frame (ORF), a 1.2-kb band was amplified from the DNA sample prepared from chick embryo fibroblast infected with an attenuated strain, CVI988, but not with oncogenic strains. Sequence analysis of the 1.2-kb band showed that a 178-bp sequence was inserted to the meq ORF of CVI988. This ORF could encode for the Meq protein with a different transactivator domain. Southern blot analysis also confirmed the insertion of the 178-bp sequence in the meq ORF of CVI988. This insertion of 178-bp sequence may explain the reason why CVI988 is not oncogenic.-KEY WORDS: Marek's disease virus, meq, polymerase chain reaction.

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