Marcus Bull and Damien Kempf, eds., <i>Writing the Early Crusades: Text, Transmission and Memory</i>. Woodbridge, UK, and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2014. Pp. x, 174. $90. ISBN: 978-1-84383-920-0.Table of contents available online at https://boydellandbrewer.com/writing-the-early-crusades-hb.html (accessed 22 July 2016)

Symes, Carol

doi:10.1086/687953

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Basic information on the images used in this study is given in Table 2, images used to study preand post-typhoon states are shown in Figure S1 in the Supplementary Material. Data from satellites Landsat 5, 7, and 8 were downloaded from the EarthExplorer website [79] as surface reflectance at 30 m resolution, with atmospheric and radiometric corrections performed with the LEDAPS (Typhoons Aere, Herb and Nari) or LaSRC (Typhoons Dujuan and Soudelor) algorithm. A digital elevation model (DEM) at a 30-m spatial resolution was downloaded from the ALOS World 3D dataset from JAXA.…”

Section: Satellite Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Typhoon-Induced Canopy Damage Using Vegetation Indices in the Fushan Experimental Forest, Taiwan

2020

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Cyclonic windstorms profoundly affect forest structure and function throughout the tropics and subtropics. Remote sensing techniques and vegetation indices (VIs) have improved our ability to characterize cyclone impacts over broad spatial scales. Although VIs are useful for understanding changes in forest cover, their consistency on detecting changes in vegetation cover is not well understood. A better understanding of the similarities and differences in commonly used VIs across disturbance events and forest types is needed to reconcile the results from different studies. Using Landsat imagery, we analyzed the change between pre- and post-typhoon VI values (ΔVIs) of four VIs for five typhoons (local name of cyclones in the North Pacific) that affected the Fushan Experimental Forest of Taiwan. We found that typhoons varied in their effect on forest canopy cover even when they had comparable trajectories, wind speeds, and rainfall. Most VIs measured a decrease in forest cover following typhoons, ranging from −1.18% to −19.87%; however, the direction of ΔVI–topography relationships varied among events. All typhoons significantly increased vegetation heterogeneity, and ΔVI was negatively related to pre-typhoon VI across all typhoons. Four of the five typhoons showed that more frequently affected sites had greater VI decreases. VIs ranged in their sensitivity to detect typhoon-induced changes in canopy coverage, and no single VI was most sensitive across all typhoons. Therefore, we recommend using VIs in combination—for example Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), when comparing cyclone-disturbance-induced changes in vegetation cover among disturbances and across forests.

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Section: Satellite Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Typhoon-Induced Canopy Damage Using Vegetation Indices in the Fushan Experimental Forest, Taiwan

2020

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“…It provides protection for the reinforcement fibers from environmental degradation and mechanical damage as well as a binder agent to adhere the fibers together and to transfer the loads on it. Biofibers originally are derived from biological origins, such as hemp and sisal [3]. This typically classifies biocomposites as being non-wood or wood-based fibers.…”

Section: Biocomposite Materials: Fiber Based To Platelet Basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biowelding 3D-Printed Biodigital Brick of Seashell-Based Biocomposite by Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium

Abdallah,

Estévez

2023

Biomimetics

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Mycelium biocomposites are eco-friendly, cheap, easy to produce, and have competitive mechanical properties. However, their integration in the built environment as durable and long-lasting materials is not solved yet. Similarly, biocomposites from recycled food waste such as seashells have been gaining increasing interest recently, thanks to their sustainable impact and richness in calcium carbonate and chitin. The current study tests the mycelium binding effect to bioweld a seashell biocomposite 3D-printed brick. The novelty of this study is the combination of mycelium and a non-agro–based substrate, which is seashells. As well as testing the binding capacity of mycelium in welding the lattice curvilinear form of the V3 linear Brick model (V3-LBM). Thus, the V3-LBM is 3D printed in three separate profiles, each composed of five layers of 1 mm/layer thickness, using seashell biocomposite by paste extrusion and testing it for biowelding with Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium to offer a sustainable, ecofriendly, biomineralized brick. The biowelding process investigated the penetration and binding capacity of the mycelium between every two 3D-printed profiles. A cellulose-based culture medium was used to catalyse the mycelium growth. The mycelium biowelding capacity was investigated by SEM microscopy and EDX chemical analysis of three samples from the side corner (S), middle (M), and lateral (L) zones of the biowelded brick. The results revealed that the best biowelding effect was recorded at the corner and lateral zones of the brick. The SEM images exhibited the penetration and the bridging effect achieved by the dense mycelium. The EDX revealed the high concentrations of carbon, oxygen, and calcium at all the analyzed points on the SEM images from all three samples. An inverted relationship between carbon and oxygen as well as sodium and potassium concentrations were also detected, implying the active metabolic interaction between the fungal hyphae and the seashell-based biocomposite. Finally, the results of the SEM-EDX analysis were applied to design favorable tessellation and staking methods for the V3-LBM from the seashell–mycelium composite to deliver enhanced biowelding effect along the Z axis and the XY axis with <1 mm tessellation and staking tolerance.

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“…N EX -N excretion per head of livestock (on average annually), F racleachingMS -percent of managed manure nitrogen losses due to runoff and leaching during storage of manure, F racleachingMS (%) was determined in accordance with national reports and experience according to the characteristics of the manure management and storage system [64,[75][76][77][78][81][82][83][84][85]. Sequentially, for faeces: without any mitigation measures, covered and compacted and directed to biogas plants (in %): 10, 1, 1, respectively.…”

Section: Calculation Of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of several projects [75][76][77] and on ongoing research under the DairyMix project [78], it is puzzling, however, why still only a few farmers have decided to properly store manure (compressing and covering) or use it for energy purposes by adopting a solution such as a establishing a biogas plant equipped with an aggregate for the production of electricity and heat (combined heat and power-CHP). An innovative element in this work is the indication of how much improper manure management affects the energy and economic losses of typical dairy farms, taking into account mainly (apart from the loss of nutrients, minerals and caries) the losses related to GHG emissions during manure storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Manure Use for Energy Purposes on the Economic Balance of a Dairy Farm

Mazurkiewicz

2023

Energies

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The use of methane fermentation in mesophilic conditions for the energy use of cow manure and additional co-substrates from the farm can bring a small dairy farm (140 dairy cows) financial benefits of up to EUR 114,159 per year. Taking into account the need to pay for emissions calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent, this profit could be reduced to EUR 81,323 per year. With the traditional direct use of manure, this profit would drop by as much as 60% to the level of EUR 33,944 per year. Therefore, the introduction of fees for emissions may significantly burden current dairy farms. As has already been shown, just compacting and covering the manure (which costs approx. EUR 2000 per year for 140 cows) would give almost twice as much profit—EUR 64,509 per year. Although an investment in a small biogas plant with a cogeneration unit on a family dairy farm may have a payback period of less than 6.5 years and a return of capital employed of 16%, most small farms in the world will not be able to afford its construction without external subsidies. At the same time, it would make it possible to reduce emissions by almost 270 times—from 41,460 to 154 tons of CO2eq per year—and the possibility of preserving valuable nutrients and minerals and supporting soil properties in the digestate. Therefore, it seems necessary for Europe to introduce a support system for small- and medium-sized farms with this type of investment in the near future in a much larger form than it has been so far.

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Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing Typhoon-Induced Canopy Damage Using Vegetation Indices in the Fushan Experimental Forest, Taiwan

Assessing Typhoon-Induced Canopy Damage Using Vegetation Indices in the Fushan Experimental Forest, Taiwan

Biowelding 3D-Printed Biodigital Brick of Seashell-Based Biocomposite by Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium

The Impact of Manure Use for Energy Purposes on the Economic Balance of a Dairy Farm

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