MARC: A code for the retrieval of atmospheric parameters from millimeter-wave limb measurements

Carli, B.; Bazzini, G.; Castelli, Elisa; Cecchi‐Pestellini, C.; Bianco, Samuele Del; Dinelli, B. M.; Gai, Marco; Magnani, Luca; Ridolfi, Marco; Santurri, Leonardo

doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.11.011

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It was designed as a global fit (Carlotti, 1988), multi-target (Dinelli et al, 2004) retrieval and it uses the optimal estimation (OE) approach along with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (Rodgers, 2000). A detailed description of the main features of the code is provided in Carli et al (2007) and more details on the parametrization of the atmosphere, on the atmospheric line shape, as well as on the spectroscopic models implemented into MARC can be found in Bianchini et al (2008). A description of its use for the analysis of real data can be found in Dinelli et al (2009).…”

Section: Inversion Of Marschals Limb Radiancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnostic quantities are the reduced χ 2 , the gain of information (GI) and the degrees of freedom (DOFs) (Rodgers, 2000). These quantifiers have already been discussed in Castelli et al (2013), Dinelli et al (2009), andCarli et al (2007).…”

Section: Inversion Of Marschals Limb Radiancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, it directly provides a retrieval error that contains both the random and systematic contributions and, therefore, corresponds to the total error. More details on the mathematics of the MARC retrieval and on the random and systematic errors can be found in Carli et al (2007) and Dinelli et al (2007).…”

Section: Inversion Of Marschals Limb Radiancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Synergistic exploitation of redundant and complementary information from independent observations of the same target remains a major issue in atmospheric remote sounding and increasing attention is devoted to investigate optimized or innovative methods for the combination of two or more measured data sets. This paper focuses on the synergy between middle infrared and millimeterwave limb sounding measurements of atmospheric composition and temperature and reports the results of a study conducted as part of the preparatory activities of the PRE-MIER (Process Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimeter-wave Emitted Radiation) mission candidate to the Core Missions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Explorer 7. The activity was based on data acquired by the MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding -STRatospheric aircraft) and MARSCHALS (Millimetre-wave Airborne Receivers for Spectroscopic CHaracterisation in Atmospheric Limb Sounding) instruments on-board the high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica during the flight of the PremierEx (PREMIER Experiment) campaign on 10 March 2010 from Kiruna, Sweden, for observation of the Arctic upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The cloud coverage observed along the flight provided representative test cases to evaluate the synergy in three different scenarios: low clouds in the first part, no clouds in the central part and high tropospheric clouds at the end. The calculation of synergistic profiles of four atmospheric targets (i.e., O 3 , HNO 3 , H 2 O and temperature) was performed using a posteriori combination of individual retrieved profiles, i.e., Level 2 (L2) data rather than simultaneous inversion of observed radiances, i.e., Level 1 (L1) data. An innovative method of data fusion, based on the Measurement Space Solution (MSS) was applied along with the standard approach of inversion of MARSCHALS spectral radiances using MIPAS-STR retrieval products as a priori information (L1 + L2 method). A quantitative estimate and cross-check of the results of MSS data fusion and (L1 + L2) method was achieved based on a specific set of quantifiers including the total retrieval error, the number of degrees of freedom, the relative information distribution and the synergy factor.

show abstract

Section: Inversion Of Marschals Limb Radiancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inversion Of Marschals Limb Radiancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It makes use of the global-fit (Carlotti, 1988), multi target (Dinelli et al, 2004) techniques and uses Optimal Estimation (OE) or maximum a posteriori approach (Rodgers, 2000) and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (Levenberg, 1944;Marquardt, 1963) during the iterative retrieval procedure to reduce the step width and to speed up the convergence to the minimum of the cost function. A detailed description of the main features of the code is provided in Carli et al (2007) and a description of its use for the analysis of real data can be found in Dinelli et al (2009). A description of the parametrization of the atmosphere and of the atmospheric line shape used into the MARC code can be found in Bianchini et al (2008).…”

Section: Retrieval Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Arctic UTLS composition in presence of clouds using millimetre-wave heterodyne spectroscopy

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. MARSCHALS (Millimetre-wave Airborne Receivers for Spectroscopic CHaracterisation in AtmosphericLimb Sounding) is a limb viewing instrument working in the millimetre and sub-millimetre spectral regions (from 294 to 349 GHz). The scientific rationale of MARSCHALS is the study of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere region. In March 2010 MARSCHALS was deployed on-board the M-55 Geophysica stratospheric aircraft during the PRE-MIER(PRocess Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimetre-wave Emitted Radiation)-Ex field campaign. From the campaign base at Kiruna, Sweden, a research flight to investigate the Arctic atmosphere was conducted. For the first time the instrument fully exploited the three spectral bands. In this paper, we present results of the analysis of MARSCHALS measurements acquired during the PREMIER-Ex flight as processed by the Millimetre-wave Atmospheric Retrieval Code. For the second time after the SCOUT-O3 flight in 2005, MARSCHALS measured vertical distributions of temperature, water vapour, ozone and nitric acid over an altitude range of 4 to 24 km. In addition, vertical profiles of carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide were obtained for the first time. The measurements were performed in clear sky conditions and in presence of low and high altitude clouds (that were able to obscure measurements in the middle infrared spectroscopic region) and some information about thick clouds were extracted from the data. The capabilities to derive information on upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric vertical profiles of temperature and minor constituents from millimetre-wave limb sounding observations in the northern polar region are presented and discussed for each of the individual targets. The results of MARSCHALS data analysis contributed to demonstrate the scientific relevance and technical feasibility of millimetre-wave limbsounding of the UTLS proposed for the ESA Earth Explorer 7 candidate Core Mission PREMIER. PREMIER was not selected at the end of the Earth Explorer 7 evaluation process, but it is still being considered for future launch opportunities.

show abstract

“…The retrieval takes into account the variance-covariance errors of the observations together with the errors of the forward model used for the inversion process (forward model errors) and uses the initial guess of the atmospheric status not only as a starting point of the iterative retrieval, but also as an a priori knowledge of the unknowns (optimal estimation). Further details of the retrieval code can be found in Carli et al (2007). The forward model inside 165 MARC has the capability of modelling the effects of the presence of clouds in the field of view of the instrument, but the cloud modelling parameters are not a target of the retrieval procedure.…”

Section: The Measurements and The Retrieval Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of minor constituents in a cloudy atmosphere with remote-sensing millimetre-wave measurements

Bianco

Carli

Cecchi‐Pestellini

et al. 2007

Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The presence of clouds in remote-sensing measurements is often the cause of information loss about the minor atmospheric constituent profiles that are the goal of the measurement. Millimetre-and submillimetre-wave sounding can be used to abate the problems of cloud contamination. A quantitative assessment of this possibility is provided with the systematic simulation of the retrieval of minor atmospheric constituents in the presence of ice cirrus clouds of different density and particle size. The simulations are made for the particular case of the MARSCHALS instrument which is a heterodyne limb-sounding spectrometer that measures the atmospheric thermal emission in the millimetre-and submillimetre-wave regions operating on board a stratospheric aircraft. Four types of measuring conditions are identified: clouds that do not modify the observation, clouds that are adequately described with an atmospheric continuum absorption model, clouds for which an error is introduced when the limited vertical resolution of the sounding does not resolve the sharp discontinuity of the cloud, and clouds which require the modelling of scattering effects for a correct retrieval. When a rigorous modelling of the cloud is performed, the retrieval of minor atmospheric constituent is marginally affected by the presence of the cloud. We find that in the worst case the cloud causes a loss, with respect to clear-sky conditions, of two degrees of freedom from about 90 and of 7% of information content relative to climatological information.

show abstract

MARC: A code for the retrieval of atmospheric parameters from millimeter-wave limb measurements

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents

Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents

Measurement of the Arctic UTLS composition in presence of clouds using millimetre-wave heterodyne spectroscopy

Retrieval of minor constituents in a cloudy atmosphere with remote-sensing millimetre-wave measurements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About