Mapping Voids, Debonding, Delaminations, Moisture, and Other Defects Behind or Within Tunnel Linings

Wimsatt, Andrew; White, Joshua; Scullion, Tom; Hurlebaus, Stefan; Zollinger, Dan G; Grasley, Zachary; Nazarian, Soheil; Azari, Hoda; Yuan, Deren; Shokouhi, Parisa; Saarenketo, Timo; Tonon, Fulvio

doi:10.17226/22609

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The device fits the profile of a rough concrete testing surface with a variance of approximately 10 mm. Studies have shown ultrasonic technology to be applicable for measuring concrete member thickness (Acoustic Control Systems 2012), detection of grouting defects within tendon ducts (Friese and Wiggenhauser 2008, Krause et al 2009, Im et al 2010, determination of the extent of vertical surface cracks (Acoustic Control Systems 2012, Krause et al 2009), crack repair quality assessment (Acoustic Control Systems 2012, Krause et al 2009), detection of grouting defects behind railway tunnel linings (Acoustic Control Systems 2012), detection of honeycombing in concrete bridge decks (Acoustic Control Systems 2012), air-and water-filled voids in concrete (Wimsatt et al 2013), abnormalities such as clay lumps (White et al 2011), and the detection of delamination in concrete (Wimsatt et al 2013, Shokouhi et al 2011. The system used here represents an accumulation of the most recent developments in the ultrasonic NDT of concrete.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 48-transducer array is applied manually and data is collected by marking a user-defined scanning grid in increments related to the desired resolution. Typical testing time is dependent on the grid increments, but for comprehensive maps it can vary from 2.5-7 m 2 /hr (Wimsatt et al 2013). All UST testing in this study employs a 150 mm x 50 mm testing grid with shear waves emitted and received parallel to the length of the tunnel.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noncontact techniques for monitoring of tunnel linings

White

Hurlebaus

Shokouhi³

et al. 2014

Structural Monitoring and Maintenance

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An investigation of tunnel linings is performed at two tunnels in the US using complimentary noncontact techniques: air-coupled ground penetrating radar (GPR), and a vehicle-mounted scanning system (SPACETEC) that combines laser, visual, and infrared thermography scanning methods. This paper shows that a combination of such techniques can maximize inspection coverage in a comprehensive and efficient manner. Since ground-truth is typically not available in public tunnel field evaluations, the noncontact techniques used are compared with two reliable in-depth contact nondestructive testing methods: ground-coupled GPR and ultrasonic tomography. The noncontact techniques are used to identify and locate the reinforcement mesh, structural steel ribs, internal layer interfaces, shallow delamination, and tile debonding. It is shown that this combination of methods can be used synergistically to provide tunnel owners with a comprehensive and efficient approach for monitoring tunnel lining conditions.

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Section: Ultrasonic Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrasonic Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncontact techniques for monitoring of tunnel linings

White

Hurlebaus

Shokouhi³

et al. 2014

Structural Monitoring and Maintenance

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“…For the past decades, nondestructive testing (NDT) methods have played a major role in infrastructure condition assessment. [2][3][4][5][6] Nondestructive testing methods are of great interest to infrastructure management agencies because these methods can provide useful measures for decision-makers to evaluate the remaining capacity of the infrastructure in a more informed manner. Among the NDT methods, stress wave-based (or acoustic) methods are widely used to detect and locate delamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Acoustic Methods for Condition Assessment of Concrete Structures

Azari¹,

Nazarian²

2015

ACI Materials Journal

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Extensive experimental studies were carried out to calibrate numerical models related to two acoustic nondestructive testing (NDT) methods: impact-echo (IE) and ultrasonic surface waves (USW). A detailed parametric study was performed to quantify the limitations of the IE and USW methods and to specify the degree of sensitivity of those methods to different parameters, including spatial discretization, overall dimension and material properties of the test object, boundary conditions, and delamination size and depth. Results from this study demonstrate that the effectiveness of the IE and USW methods is limited by their sensitivity to those parameters. This limitation makes the combination of the IE and USW results more effective in detecting and locating the defects within the concrete structures. Finally, the best testing setup, in terms of the spacing between the source and the receivers, was recommended to reliably estimate the slab thickness and to detect and locate the defects.

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“…To find effective solutions, TRB's SHRP 2 R06G Project initiated a study of all available technologies used for mapping of distresses within or behind concrete lining of tunnels. Technologies ranged from mobile to discrete point-by-point testing devices (1). In that report, the SPACETEC TS3 laser scanner, which was used in Virginia's Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel, was referred to as a "mature" scanning technology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage Assessment of Tunnel Lining by Mobile Laser Scanning: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Implementation Phase of FHWA SHRP 2 R06G Project

Tabrizi¹,

Celaya²,

Miller³

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Record

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This paper presents the results of a nondestructive (NDT) laser scanner investigation that was conducted in one night by using the SPACETEC TS3 laser scanner in one tube of each of the Liberty and Armstrong Tunnels in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A portable seismic property analyzer (PSPA), a hand-held NDT ultrasonic seismic device, was used to investigate a 200-ft-long segment of the lining of the Liberty Tunnel, for which results are also presented. The investigation was complemented with a limited inspection with traditional techniques (e.g., hammer sounding, coring) to validate NDT findings. This work was funded by FHWA under the auspices of Round 4 of the Implementation Assistance Program of the SHRP 2 R06G project. Both technologies incorporated in this study were also used and reviewed in the original SHRP 2 R06G project. With the use of the SPACETEC TS3 scanner and the supporting suite of software, the study obtained high-resolution imagery, thermal imagery, and three-dimensional profiles for the full length of the tunnels. The deliverables included complete mapping and inventory of distresses and moisture intrusion behind the lining. In the Armstrong Tunnel, SPACETEC technology was successful at detecting cold anomalies (tile debonding, water intrusion, etc.). However, in the Liberty Tunnel, detection of debonding or delamination was less effective as a result of the insufficient temperature gradient at the time of scanning within this particular tunnel. The PSPA results correlated well with results obtained from traditional techniques. Areas with a lower seismic modulus correlated well with areas showing debonding or delamination. Areas of severe debonding were also clearly identified with the PSPA device.

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Mapping Voids, Debonding, Delaminations, Moisture, and Other Defects Behind or Within Tunnel Linings

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Noncontact techniques for monitoring of tunnel linings

Noncontact techniques for monitoring of tunnel linings

Optimization of Acoustic Methods for Condition Assessment of Concrete Structures

Damage Assessment of Tunnel Lining by Mobile Laser Scanning: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Implementation Phase of FHWA SHRP 2 R06G Project

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