Mapping urban cold-air paths in a Central European city using numerical modelling and geospatial analysis

Grunwald, Laura; Koßmann, M.; Weber, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100503

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The analysis was conducted in Braunschweig, Northern Germany (52°16′28 N, 10°30′38 E) as a data set of the spatial distribution of cold-air paths was available (Grunwald et al, 2019). Braunschweig has a total surface area of 192 km 2 from which 19.4% are vegetated (park and forest) and 21.9% consist of built-up area.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the urban heat island (c.f. Grunwald et al, 2019). This makes Braunschweig a good test-case to investigate to which extent land-use change by urban development affects cold-air path occurrence.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold-air paths are a planning-based mitigation measure to reduce UHI intensity (e.g. Fahed et al, 2020, Grunwald et al, 2019He et al, 2020a, b). These are low-roughness areas, which enable drainage and transport of colder air masses from rural surroundings or open spaces into the urban area (Mayer et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of urban land-use change on cold-air path occurrence and spatial distribution

Grunwald

Weber

2021

Comput.Urban Sci.

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The urban population is predicted to reach a 70% share of global population by mid-century. Future urbanization might be directed along several development typologies, e.g. sprawling urbanization, more compact cities, greener cities, or a combination of different typologies. These developments induce urban land-use change that will affect urban climate and might reinforce phenomena such as the urban heat island and thermal discomfort of urban residents. A planning-based mitigation approach to ensure thermal comfort of residents are urban cold-air paths, i.e. low-roughness areas enabling drainage and transport of colder air masses from rural surroundings. We study how urban land-use change scenarios influence cold-air path occurrence probability and spatial distribution in a mid-European city using a machine learning approach, i.e. boosted regression trees. The Urban Sprawl Scenario results in the strongest reduction of cold-air path area by 3.6% in comparison to the reference case. The Green City Scenario gives evidence for an increase of cold-air path area (2.2%) whereas the Compact Green City Scenario partly counteracts the negative influence of urban densification by increased fractions of vegetated areas. The proposed method allows for the identification of priority areas for cold-air path preservation in urban planning.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of urban land-use change on cold-air path occurrence and spatial distribution

Grunwald

Weber

2021

Comput.Urban Sci.

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“…The cooling effect of the vegetation was estimated similarly to [3,64], applying a linear regression between air temperature and vegetation volume. We used air temperature from a sensor network of 15 weather stations in Braunschweig (see [65]), measured in 3 m height above ground level (to keep the sensors safe from destruction). We selected air temperatures measured at 15:00 (usually the maximum air temperature) at five windless and cloudless summer days in 2017 (2 June, 31 July, and 7, 28 and 29 August).…”

Section: Ecosystem Services Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘GartenApp’: Assessing and Communicating the Ecological Potential of Private Gardens

et al. 2019

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Private gardens make up large parts of urban green space. In contrast to public green spaces, planning and management is usually uncoordinated and independent of municipal planning and management strategies. Therefore, the potential for private gardens to provide ecosystem services and habitat and to function as corridors for wildlife is not fully utilized. In order to improve public knowledge on gardens, as well as provide individual gardeners with information on what they can contribute to enhance ecosystem services provision, we developed a GIS-based web application for the city of Braunschweig (Germany): the ‘GartenApp’ (garden app). Users of the app have to outline their garden on a web map and provide information on biodiversity related features and management practices. Finally, they are asked about observations of well recognizable species in their gardens. As an output, the gardeners are provided with an estimate of the ecosystem services their garden provides, with an evaluation of the biodiversity friendliness, customized advice on improving ecosystem services provision, and results from connectivity models that show gardeners the role of their garden in the green network of the city. In this paper, we describe the app architecture and show the first results from its application. We finish with a discussion on the potential of GIS-based web applications for urban sustainability, planning and conservation.

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“…Furthermore, they predicted wind corridors in the city and devised ways to identify the areas that benefit from wind corridors and the areas that supply cold air. Grunwald et al [15] identified different types of wind corridors through the analysis of the data on the cooling rate using the cold-air analysis model of KLAM_21(Kaltluftabflussmodell_21), and analyzed wind corridors of the target area using the tool "Particle Track" (ArcGIS Software, ver.10.6). Furthermore, Grunwald et al [16] devised a methodology to analyze wind corridors through regression analysis using the data from cold-air analysis of KLAM_21, land-use, topography, and buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning Strategies of Wind Corridor Forests Utilizing the Properties of Cold Air

Sung

Eum

Son

et al. 2021

Land

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A wind corridor forest is defined as an urban forest for utilizing the functions of a wind corridor that allow “cool and fresh air (cold air)” generated in forests at night to flow to urban development areas. This study aims to provide planning strategies for implementing a wind corridor forest by analyzing current conditions in Haengbok City (HBC region), Sejong, South Korea. The HBC region had many wind-generating forests (WGF), wind-spreading forests (WSF), and wind-connecting forests (WCF), and secured the connections among the target areas of each wind corridor forest. Despite the favorable conditions for a wind corridor forest, cold air flow showed that there are regions with unfavorable wind conditions in the HBC region. In order to strengthen the functions of a wind corridor forests in the HBC region, four zones were distinguished according to the functional characteristics. Additionally, the planning strategies of a wind corridor forests suitable for each zone were provided, and the strategies for establishing a wind corridor forest were proposed. The results of this study can be used as the fundamental data for establishing guidelines for a wind corridor forest and utilized as resources for selecting regions suitable for a wind corridor forest.

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Mapping urban cold-air paths in a Central European city using numerical modelling and geospatial analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Influence of urban land-use change on cold-air path occurrence and spatial distribution

Influence of urban land-use change on cold-air path occurrence and spatial distribution

The ‘GartenApp’: Assessing and Communicating the Ecological Potential of Private Gardens

Planning Strategies of Wind Corridor Forests Utilizing the Properties of Cold Air

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