Mapping Total Exceedance PM_2.5 Exposure Risk by Coupling Social Media Data and Population Modeling Data

Abstract

The PM2.5 exposure risk assessment is the foundation to reduce its adverse effects. Population survey‐related data have been deficient in high spatiotemporal detailed descriptions. Social media data can quantify the PM2.5 exposure risk at high spatiotemporal resolutions. However, due to the no‐sample characteristics of social media data, PM2.5 exposure risk for older adults is absent. We proposed combining social media data and population survey‐derived data to map the total PM2.5 exposure risk. Hourly exceedance PM2.5 exposure risk indicators based on population modeling (HEPEpmd) and social media data (HEPEsm) were developed. Daily accumulative HEPEsm and HEPEpsd ranged from 0 to 0.009 and 0 to 0.026, respectively. Three peaks of HEPEsm and HEPEpsd were observed at 13:00, 18:00, and 22:00. The peak value of HEPEsm increased with time, which exhibited a reverse trend to HEPEpsd. The spatial center of HEPEsm moved from the northwest of the study area to the center. The spatial center of HEPEpsd moved from the northwest of the study area to the southwest of the study area. The expansion area of HEPEsm was nearly 1.5 times larger than that of HEPEpsd. The expansion areas of HEPEpsd aggregated in the old downtown, in which the contribution of HEPEpsd was greater than 90%. Thus, this study introduced various source data to build an easier and reliable method to map total exceedance PM2.5 exposure risk. Consequently, exposure risk results provided foundations to develop PM2.5 pollution mitigation strategies as well as scientific supports for sustainability and eco‐health achievement.

Examining the Potential Scaling Law in Urban PM2.5 Pollution Risks along with the Nationwide Air Environmental Effort in China

“…Therefore, in the long-term, more sustainable urban environmental solutions with more feasible choices (e.g., cleaner energy and technology, public awareness and participation, regional transfer payments, etc.) are essential for narrowing the relative risk gaps of PM2.5 pollution across cities, independent of their urbanization levels [16,27,81].…”

“…The primary sources of air pollution are fossil combustion, diesel vehicle usage, and household and industrial activity, etc., all of which are closely related to urbanization and industrialization processes [19]. For this reason, recent academic discussions on air pollution have been carried out in the context of urbanization, covering topics such as spatiotemporal characteristics [20][21][22], driving factors [23][24][25], and associated risk stress [26][27][28]. On the whole, findings of these studies affirmed the pivotal contribution of urban development on local, regional, or even global atmospheric environment deterioration, especially in developing nations or regions undergoing dramatic The process of urbanization, while bringing about a great accumulation of population, wealth, architecture, technology, and other resources, will also exert negative externalities on itself and surrounding regions and induce serious eco-environmental crises [1,15].…”