Mapping the potential human health implications of groundwater pollution in southern Sri Lanka

Rajasooriyar, L.; Boelee, Eline; Prado, M. C. C. M.; Hiscock, Kevin M.

doi:10.1016/j.wrr.2013.10.002

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Due to collinearity issues chlorination variable and community variables as open drainage had to be dropped from the model. Animals usually carry high levels of fecal coliform bacteria (Rajasooriyar et al 2013), which may affect household water quality. In our study, however, we found that livestock ownership did not have any impact on household water quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, irrigation canals are used by villagers for domestic purposes and by animals, mainly cattle, and have high levels of faecal coliform bacteria (Rajasooriyar et al 2013). After sitting in contaminated surface water, livestock return to their shelter with high amounts of faecal coliforms, which could contaminate household drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Different Irrigation Systems on Water Quality in Peri-Urban Areas of Gujarat, India

et al. 2016

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AcknowledgementsThe research which led to this publication was financed by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation under the broader project of AG-WATSAN Nexus Project undertaken by the Center for Development Research (ZEF) of the University of Bonn, Germany. The authors thank the Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar for their collaboration during field research. We thank all the field assistants and supervisors for their excellent work during data collection and database management. The authors also thank Dr. Bhavini Shah and the team of lab technicians at Supratech Laboratory for carrying out the strenuous task of testing the microbiological quality of our water samples. AbstractThe ever-growing population of India, along with the increasing competition for water for productive uses in different sectors -especially irrigated agriculture and related local water systems and drainage -poses a challenge in an effort to improve water quality and sanitation. In rural and peri-urban settings, where agriculture is one of the main sources of livelihood, the type of water use in irrigated agriculture has complex interactions with drinking water and sanitation. In particular, the multi-purpose character of irrigation and drainage infrastructure creates several interlinks between water, sanitation (WATSAN) and agriculture and there is a competition for water quantity between domestic water use and irrigated agriculture. This study looks at the determinants of the microbiological quality of stored drinking water among households residing in areas where communities use different types of irrigation water. The study used multiple tube fermentation method 'Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, a WHO recommended technique, to identify thermotolerant fecal coliforms and E. coli in water in the laboratory (WHO 1993). Overall, we found that the microbiological water quality was poor. The stored water generally had very high levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination, 80% of the households had water in storage that could not be considered potable as per the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, and 73% of the households were using a contaminated water source. The quality of household storage water was largely unaffected by the major household socioeconomic characteristics, such as wealth, education level or social status. Households using surface water for irrigation had poor drinking water quality, even after controlling for ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Irrigation Systems on Water Quality in Peri-Urban Areas of Gujarat, India

et al. 2016

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“…Apart from all these methods, the DRASTIC method, developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), remains one of the most frequently used approaches to assess vulnerability to groundwater contamination in porous aquifers [14,15]. DRASTIC uses seven parameters, namely Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone and hydraulic Conductivity as weighted layers to enable a reliable assessment of vulnerability [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater contamination risk in an agricultural area in north Italy

Bartzas

Tinivella²,

Medini³

et al. 2015

Information Processing in Agriculture

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In the present study a specific approach is followed, considering the Pesticide DRASTIC and Susceptibility Index (SI) methods and a GIS framework, to assess groundwater vulnerability in the agricultural area of Albenga, in north Italy. The results indicate "high" to "very high" vulnerability to groundwater contamination along the coastline and the middle part of the Albenga plain, for almost 49% and 56% of the total study area for Pesticide DRASTIC and SI methods, respectively. These sensitive regions depict characteristics such as shallow depth to groundwater, extensive deposits of alluvial silty clays, flat topography and intensive agricultural activities. The distribution of nitrates concentration in groundwater in the study area is slightly better correlated with the SI (0.728) compared to Pesticide DRASTIC (0.693), thus indicating that both methods are characterized by quite good accuracy. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to acknowledge statistical uncertainty in the estimation of each parameter used, assess its impact and thus identify the most critical parameters that require further investigation in the future. Depth to water is the parameter that exhibited the largest impact on the Pesticide DRASTIC vulnerability index followed by the impact of the vadose zone and topography. On the other hand, the SI method is more sensitive to the removal of the topography parameter followed by the aquifer media and the depth to water parameters.

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“…Geospatial information has proven useful to explore the link between water and poverty [18,19]. In the case of groundwater resources, GIS has frequently been applied to delineate groundwater potential areas [20][21][22][23][24], study the spatial distribution of aquifer recharge [25][26][27], or assess the vulnerability of aquifer systems to pollution [28][29][30].…”

Section: Methodological Precedents Research Objectives and Noveltiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Viability, Time, and Cost of Manual Borehole Drilling in Developing Regions

Martínez‐Santos

Martín-Loeches

Solera

et al. 2017

Water

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While access to water remains an issue in arid and semiarid regions across the world, aquifers have the potential to help millions of people out of poverty by providing a reliable source of drinking and irrigation water. Manual boreholes are increasingly advocated as a safe and cost-effective substitute to mechanized drilling, as well as to traditional excavation methods. This research banks on the assumption that field and remote sensing data can be integrated within a geospatial database in order to map the viability of manual boreholes based on factors such as rock type, water table depth, landforms, or water quality. The approach presents three main novelties in relation to methodological precedents: (1) outcomes are not only expressed in terms of technical feasibility, but also as a function of drilling time and cost; (2) maps refer to a specific drilling technique; and (3) results take into account borehole diameter, as this constrains both drilling time and cost. The method provides univocal outcomes that can be immediately useful for non-experts, donors, planners, or practitioners and that can be readily exported to other catchment-scale settings. Results were validated against geophysical data.

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Mapping the potential human health implications of groundwater pollution in southern Sri Lanka

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Impact of Different Irrigation Systems on Water Quality in Peri-Urban Areas of Gujarat, India

Impact of Different Irrigation Systems on Water Quality in Peri-Urban Areas of Gujarat, India

Assessment of groundwater contamination risk in an agricultural area in north Italy

Mapping the Viability, Time, and Cost of Manual Borehole Drilling in Developing Regions

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