Mapping the Organic and Inorganic Components of Tissue Using NEXAFS

Buckley, Christopher; Khaleque, N.; Bellamy, S. J.; Robins, M.; Zhang, X.

doi:10.1051/jp4/1997011

Cited by 13 publications

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“…Using STXM, XAS of samples can be collected at each spot on thin sections of samples by raster scanning the samples. The STXM has been extensively used for characterization of polymer materials [ 26 , 27 ]; environmental samples [ 28 – 32 ]; and biomaterials for medical applications [ 33 – 35 ]. Only a very few work has been reported on the use of STXM for plant biopolymer research such as characterization of plant fossil and xylem lignification [ 28 , 36 – 39 ] and DNA distribution in bean chromosomes [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy as an Advanced Technique for Plant Biopolymers Research

et al. 2015

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Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy coupled with nano-scale microscopy has been widely used in material science, environmental science, and physical sciences. In this work, the advantages of soft X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy for plant biopolymer research were demonstrated by determining the chemical sensitivity of the technique to identify common plant biopolymers and to map the distributions of biopolymers in plant samples. The chemical sensitivity of soft X-ray spectroscopy to study biopolymers was determined by recording the spectra of common plant biopolymers using soft X-ray and Fourier Transform mid Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques. The soft X-ray spectra of lignin, cellulose, and polygalacturonic acid have distinct spectral features. However, there were no distinct differences between cellulose and hemicellulose spectra. Mid infrared spectra of all biopolymers were unique and there were differences between the spectra of water soluble and insoluble xylans. The advantage of nano-scale spatial resolution exploited using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy for plant biopolymer research was demonstrated by mapping plant cell wall biopolymers in a lentil stem section and compared with the FT-IR spectromicroscopy data from the same sample. The soft X-ray spectromicroscopy enables mapping of biopolymers at the sub-cellular (~30 nm) resolution whereas, the limited spatial resolution in the micron scale range in the FT-IR spectromicroscopy made it difficult to identify the localized distribution of biopolymers. The advantages and limitations of soft X-ray and FT-IR spectromicroscopy techniques for biopolymer research are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy as an Advanced Technique for Plant Biopolymers Research

et al. 2015

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“…28 STXM has only been applied to a limited number of biological or biomedical samples in the past. 21,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] To the best of our knowledge, the interaction of particles in the submicron and nanometer range with human skin samples has not been investigated by STXM. Transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒ has already been used to localize the TiO 2 nanoparticles in skin sections, but this technique requires ultrathin skin sections ͑50 nm͒ and staining of the samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative detection of single submicron and nanoparticles in human skin by scanning transmission x-ray microscopy

et al. 2009

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First results on single particle detection in human skin samples by x-ray microscopy are reported. 94+/-6 and 161+/-13 nm gold core particles with silica shells and 298+/-11 nm silica particles coated with a gold shell on ultramicrotome sections of human skin were determined. The particles were applied on fresh intact skin samples, which were sectioned prior to imaging. After screening the sections by conventional microscopy techniques, defined areas of interest were qualitatively investigated by scanning transmission x-ray microscopy at the Swiss Light Source. In studies on the percutaneous penetration of 161+/-13 nm particles on human skin samples, x-ray microscopy yielded high-resolution images of single particles spreading on the superficial layer of the stratum corneum and on the epithelium in superficial parts of hair follicles. No deeper penetration was observed. The present work using x-ray microscopy provides the unique opportunity to study qualitative penetration processes and membrane-particle interactions on the level of single particles. This goes beyond present approaches using optical microscopy. Further improvement of this approach will allow one to study particles with different physicochemical properties and surface modifications, including responses of the exposed tissue.

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“…Simple considerations show that generally a single image is insuf®cient for such a reconstruction, as a two-dimensional complex distribution of the projected values of the refractive index would require at least two two-dimensional distributions of the (real-valued) image-intensity data measured at the same number of points (pixels), but under different imaging conditions. Suitable image data can be collected, for example, at two or more different sample-todetector distances, or at different X-ray wavelengths (Buckley et al, 1997;Cloetens et al, 1999;Gureyev et al, 2001). Conventional tomographic methods can be used for the reconstruction of the threedimensional distribution of both the real and imaginary components of the refractive index, if the projected distribution of the complex refractive index has been determined while illuminating the sample from multiple incident angles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of two-component samples using in-line hard X-ray images

et al. 2002

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Methods for rapid quantitative phase-sensitive X-ray imaging of non-crystalline samples consisting of two distinct components are investigated. The transverse spatial distribution of the projected thickness of each component is reconstructed by computer processing of in-line images collected using synchrotron-generated hard X-rays and a position-sensitive detector with submicrometre spatial resolution. Different imaging techniques and associated image-processing algorithms are considered, with relative advantages and difficulties of each approach compared. A possible generalization of the method for the case of n-component samples is briefly discussed.

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Mapping the Organic and Inorganic Components of Tissue Using NEXAFS

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Introduction of Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy as an Advanced Technique for Plant Biopolymers Research

Introduction of Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy as an Advanced Technique for Plant Biopolymers Research

Qualitative detection of single submicron and nanoparticles in human skin by scanning transmission x-ray microscopy

Quantitative analysis of two-component samples using in-line hard X-ray images

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