Mapping the local nanostructure inside a specimen by tomographic small-angle x-ray scattering

Schroer, Christian G.; Kuhlmann, Marion; Roth, Stephan V.; Gehrke, Rainer; Stribeck, Norbert; Almendárez-Camarillo, A.; Lengeler, B.

doi:10.1063/1.2196062

Cited by 109 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Currently, X-ray polymer processing investigation usually relies on the 'post-mortem' inspection of samples collected at the end of the production process by sophisticated experimental techniques (Wenig & Herzog, 1993;Muller et al, 2000;Davies et al, 2007) and mathematical modeling (Stribeck et al, 2002;Schroer et al, 2006). Despite the scientific significance of the study of the effect of different processing conditions on the final product structure, it is more relevant for polymer industries to understand the structure development during polymer processing and in situ experiments are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer crystallization studies under processing-relevant conditions at the SAXS/WAXS DUBBLE beamline at the ESRF

et al. 2013

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Recent developments on the experimental infrastructure and the acquisition of new detectors on the Dutch-Belgian beamline BM26B at the ESRF offer novel and promising possibilities for synchrotron X-ray experiments in the field of polymer crystallization under processing-relevant conditions. In this contribution, some of the most recent experiments mimicking conditions similar to those relevant for the plastics processing industry are discussed. Simultaneous thermal analysis and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments, at the millisecond time-frame level, on -nucleated isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) samples subjected to ballistic cooling up to 230 K s À1 , show that the efficiency of the nucleating agent can be suppressed when quenched cooling rates higher than 130 K s À1 are used. In situ WAXS experiments using small-scale industrial equipment during a real film blowing process reveal the dependence of the onset of crystallinity (the so-called freeze line) and the crystal orientation as a function of different take-up and blow-up ratios. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments during high-flow fields reveal the formation of shish and kebab structures in i-PP as a function of the imposed stress. Quantitative analysis of i-PP flow-induced structures is presented. The beamline specifications required to obtain high quality and industrially relevant results are also briefly reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer crystallization studies under processing-relevant conditions at the SAXS/WAXS DUBBLE beamline at the ESRF

et al. 2013

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“…Violation of local fiber symmetry not only affects the result of XSF-CT, but in similar manner the result of general SAXS tomography. Thus, we now are able to trace back the negative reconstructed intensities from an earlier general scattering tomography study 33,42 to the effect of ultrareconstruction that has been deduced here. We have demonstrated how to make use of ultrareconstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAXS-Fiber Computer Tomography. Method Enhancement and Analysis of Microfibrillar-Reinforced Composite Precursors from PEBA and PET

et al. 2008

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The nanostructure gradient along the fiber radius inside polymer strands is uncovered by smallangle X-ray scattering (SAXS) microbeam-scanning experiments and X-ray scattering fiber computer-tomography (XSF-CT) analysis. We notice restricted visibility of scattering features within the series of patterns. The reason is violation of local fiber symmetry (LFS) in the irradiated volume elements (voxels). For its theoretical treatment, a set of elementary topologies (tangential grain, radial grain) is introduced. Systematic aberrations (ultrareconstruction, infrareconstruction) generated by tomographic reconstruction of affected series are described. A concept for handling and utilization of these aberrations for nanostructure analysis is devised. Precursors of polymer microfibrillar-reinforced composites (MFC) containing poly(ether)-block-amide (PEBA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with varying cold-draw ratio are studied. We compare results from a direct analysis of the smeared measured patterns to results obtained after tomographic reconstruction and fathom the power of reconstruction methods. Ideas for advanced practical applications of the XSF-CT method are discussed.

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“…Both approaches were used in more recent years for a wide range of applications, both in XRD and in SAXS experiments (for instance, Hall et al, 2000;Barroso et al, 2001;Schroer et al, 2006;Bleuet et al, 2008;Cernik et al, 2009). However, the main limitation for a widespread application of the voxel-by-voxel approach lies in the long acquisition times needed to achieve good statistics when information from small voxels is collected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of breast tissue using energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction computed tomography

Pani

Cook

Horrocks

et al. 2010

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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Mapping the local nanostructure inside a specimen by tomographic small-angle x-ray scattering

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Cited by 109 publications

References 16 publications

Polymer crystallization studies under processing-relevant conditions at the SAXS/WAXS DUBBLE beamline at the ESRF

Polymer crystallization studies under processing-relevant conditions at the SAXS/WAXS DUBBLE beamline at the ESRF

SAXS-Fiber Computer Tomography. Method Enhancement and Analysis of Microfibrillar-Reinforced Composite Precursors from PEBA and PET

Characterization of breast tissue using energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction computed tomography

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