Mapping the Lipid Signatures in COVID-19 Infection: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Solutions

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic ignited research centered around the identification of robust biomarkers and therapeutic targets. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible, hijacks the metabolic machinery of the host cells. It relies on lipids and lipoproteins of host cells for entry, trafficking, immune evasion, viral replication, and exocytosis. The infection causes host cell lipid metabolic remodelling. Targeting lipid-based processes is thus a promising strategy for countering COVID-19. Here, we review the role of lipids in the different steps of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and identify lipid-centric targetable avenues. We discuss lipidome changes in infected patients and their relevance as potential clinical diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. We summarize the emerging direct and indirect therapeutic approaches for targeting COVID-19 using lipid-inspired approaches. Given that viral protein-targeted therapies may become less effective due to mutations in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, lipid-inspired interventions may provide additional and perhaps better means of combating this and future pandemics.

Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Establishment of a Nomogram to Predict Risk for COVID-19 Convalescent Patients Based on Metabolomic and Lipidomic

“…The SARS-CoV-2 is no exception. For example, studies have found that the plasma lipid spectrum of COVID-19 patients has signi cantly changed compared with that of healthy people (Dasgupta et al, 2023). Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), an uncommon endolysosomal phospholipid that controls the destiny of endocytosed molecules, is required for the maintenance of lipid storage capacity and transit in the body, as well as the ne-tuning of the plasma membrane cholesterol domain (Akgoc et al, 2015).…”

“…Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) had undergone lung operations that affect lung function, such as lung transplantation, lung resection, lung volume reduction, etc. ; (2) rely on mechanical ventilation to maintain lung function, such as ventilators;(3) complicated with chronic lung diseases that affect lung function, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; (4) complicated with diseases that affect heart function, such as pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, bromyalgia, etc., with cardiac pacemakers; (5) complicated with serious underlying diseases that affect survival, including uncontrolled clinically signi cant heart, kidney, digestive, hematological, neuropsychiatric, immune, metabolic, malignant, and severe malnutrition; (6) resting heart rate > 120/min; (7) systolic blood pressure > 180mmHg, diastolic blood pressure > 100mmHg; (8) unstable angina pectoris or myocardial infarction in the past 1 month; (9) severe obesity(BMI > 30kg/m 2 ); (10) allergic constitution, allergic to the drug ingredients involved in the treatment plan; (11) Pregnant or lactating women (12) unable to complete the collection of curative effect evaluation indicators (13) unable to cooperate in mental state, suffering from mental illness, lack of self-control, and inability to express clearly (14) participating in other clinical trials (15) according to the judgment of the researchers, there will be patients who affect the evaluation of e cacy and safety, such as complication or poor compliance.…”